@article { ISI:000394484100026,
	title = {Transient Phase of Ice Observed by Sum Frequency Generation at the Water/Mineral Interface During Freezing},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS},
	volume = {8},
	number = {4},
	year = {2017},
	month = {FEB 16},
	pages = {871-875},
	abstract = {We observed a transient noncentrosymmetric phase of ice at water/mineral interfaces during freezing, which enhanced the intensity of the IR-visible sum frequency generation intensity by up to 20-fold. The lifetime of the transient phase was several minutes. Since the most stable form of ice, hexagonal and cubic ice, are centrosymmetric, our study suggests the transient existence of stacking-disordered ice during the freezing process I water/mineral interfaces. Stacking-disordered ice, which has only been observed in bulk ice at temperatures lower than -20 degrees C, is a random mixture of layers of hexagonal ice and cubic ice. However, the transient phase at the ice/mineral interface was observed at temperatures as high as -1 degrees C. It suggests that the mineral surface may play a role in promoting and stabilizing the formation of stacking-disordered ice at the interface.},
	issn = {1948-7185},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02920},
	author = {Lovering, Kaitlin A. and Bertram, Allan K. and Chou, Keng C.}
}
