@article {2614,
	title = {Wall-colloid interaction in nematic solvents: external field effects},
	journal = {Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter},
	volume = {21},
	number = {24},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 453AETimes Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 21Sokolovska, T. G. Patey, G. N.},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {5},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We propose a molecular theory of colloid-wall interactions in nematic media that predicts a new effective force acting on colloidal particles in the presence of an external field. In contrast to the so-called {\textquoteright}image{\textquoteright} interaction that is always repulsive at long distances, the force identified here can be attractive or repulsive, depending on the type of anchoring at the wall and colloidal surfaces. The effective force on a colloidal particle decreases with distance s from the wall as exp(-s/xi), where xi is a magnetic (electric) coherence length. At weak fields the force is proportional to (Sigma/xi)(3) for {\textquoteright}quadrupolar{\textquoteright} colloids and to (Sigma/xi)(2) for {\textquoteright}dipoles{\textquoteright}, where Sigma is the colloidal diameter. A brief discussion of recent experiments in the light of our findings is presented.},
	keywords = {FORCES, LIQUID-CRYSTALS, PARTICLES, TOPOLOGICAL DEFECTS},
	isbn = {0953-8984},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000266581500006},
	author = {Sokolovska, T. G. and Patey, G. N.}
}
@article {2256,
	title = {Bridging the gap between phenomenology and microscopic theory: Asymptotes in nematic colloids},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	volume = {77},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 295EDTimes Cited: 3Cited Reference Count: 28Sokolovska, T. G. Sokolovskii, R. O. Patey, G. N.Part 1},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {10},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The Ornstein-Zernike equation is applied to nematic colloids with up-down symmetry to determine how the electrostatic analogy and other phenomenological results appear in molecular theory. In contrast to phenomenological approaches, the molecular theory does not assume particular boundary conditions (anchoring) at colloidal surfaces. For our molecular parameters the resulting anchoring appears to be realistic, neither rigid nor infinitely weak. For this case, the effective force between a colloidal pair at large separation remains essentially constant over the entire region of nematic stability. We show that a simple van der Waals approximation gives a potential of mean force that in some important aspects is similar to the phenomenological results obtained in the limit of weak anchoring; at large separations the potential varies as Sigma(8), where Sigma is the colloidal diameter. In contrast, the more sophisticated mean spherical approximation yields a Sigma(6) dependence consistent with phenomenological calculations employing rigid boundary conditions. We show that taking proper account of the correlation (or magnetic coherence) length xi inherent in the nematic sample is essential in an analysis of the Sigma dependence. At infinite xi the leading Sigma dependence is Sigma(6), but this shifts to Sigma(8) when xi is finite. The correlation length also influences the orientational behavior of the effective interaction. The so-called quadrupole interaction that determines the long-range behavior at infinite xi transforms into a superposition of screened "multipoles" when xi is finite. The basic approach employed in this paper can be readily applied to a broad range of physically interesting systems. These include patterned and nonspherical colloids, colloids trapped at interfaces, and nematic fluids in confined geometries such as droplets.},
	keywords = {ELASTIC-CONSTANTS, FIELD, FORCES, LIQUID-CRYSTALS, PARTICLES, PHASE, STATISTICAL-THEORY, TOPOLOGICAL DEFECTS},
	isbn = {1539-3755},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000255456900069},
	author = {Sokolovska, T. G. and Sokolovskii, R. O. and Patey, G. N.}
}
@article {2007,
	title = {Microstructural effects on the formation and degradation of zinc phosphate coatings on 2024-Al alloy},
	journal = {Applied Surface Science},
	volume = {254},
	number = {15},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 295YWTimes Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 26Akhtar, A. S. Wong, P. C. Wong, K. C. Mitchell, K. A. R.},
	month = {May},
	pages = {4813-4819},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The formation of zinc phosphate (ZPO) coatings on 2024-T3 aluminum alloy was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning Auger microscopy (SAM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), with an emphasis on microstructural effects involving second-phase particles and the alloy matrix. Surface polishing results in an Al-Cu-Mg particle surface that contains metallic Cu as well as an overlayer of aluminum and magnesium oxide, while larger amounts of aluminum oxide are present on the Al-Cu-Fe-Mn particle and matrix. When dipped in an acidic ZPO coating solution, the oxide covering the Al-Cu-Mg particle is etched most easily, and metallic Cu near the surface makes that region most cathodic, allowing more coating deposition compared with the other regions. The oxides on the Al-Cu-Fe-Mn and matrix regions are similar, thereby confirming that the observed differences in ZPO coating characteristics at these two regions arise from their underlying electrochemical characteristics. Immersion of a coated 2024-Al sample in corrosive NaCl solution for extended periods indicates that the ZPO provides better protection to the second-phase particles than to the matrix. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {7075-T6, ALKALINE STABILITY, aluminum alloy, ALUMINUM-ALLOY, Auger electron spectroscopy, BEHAVIOR, corrosion, CORROSION PROTECTION, INITIATION, MICROSTRUCTURE, NI2+, PARTICLES, PHASE, surface oxide, zinc phosphating},
	isbn = {0169-4332},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000255511700063},
	author = {Akhtar, A. S. and Wong, P. C. and Wong, K. C. and Mitchell, K. A. R.}
}
@article {1382,
	title = {Deposition ice nucleation on soot at temperatures relevant for the lower troposphere},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {111},
	number = {D4},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 021EPTimes Cited: 36Cited Reference Count: 43},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {9},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The ice nucleating efficiency of many important atmospheric particles remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the ice nucleation properties of a range of soot types including soot that has been treated with atmospherically relevant amounts of ozone. We focus on deposition nucleation below water saturation and at temperatures ranging from 243 to 258 K. For our experimental conditions, ice nucleation never occurred at temperatures above 248 K and below water saturation. Below 248 K, ice occasionally formed in our experiments with no indication of the formation of water droplets prior to ice formation. However, even at these temperatures the relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi) was close to water saturation when ice nucleation was observed, suggesting water nucleation may have occurred first followed by ice nucleation during the condensation process. We also performed a complimentary set of experiments where we held soot particles at 248 K and RHi = 124 +/- 4\%, which is just below water saturation, for a period of 8 hours. From these measurements we calculated an upper limit of the heterogeneous ice nucleation rate coefficient of 0.1 cm(-2) s(-1). If the number of soot particles is 1.5 x 10(5) L-1 in the atmosphere ( which corresponds to urban-influenced rural areas), then the number of ice particles produced below water saturation at these conditions is at most 0.1 particles L-1 on the basis of our upper limit. We conclude from our studies that deposition nucleation of ice on most types of soot particles is not important in the Earth{\textquoteright}s troposphere above 243 K and below water saturation.},
	keywords = {ACID, AEROSOL, CARBON, CLOUDS, crystallization, CRYSTALS, deliquescence, EXHAUST, PARTICLES, WATER},
	isbn = {0148-0227},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000235966800008},
	author = {Dymarska, M. and Murray, B. J. and Sun, L. M. and Eastwood, M. L. and Knopf, D. A. and Bertram, A. K.}
}
@article {1439,
	title = {Does atmospheric processing of saturated hydrocarbon surfaces by NO3 lead to volatilization?},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {33},
	number = {17},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 085ZJTimes Cited: 23Cited Reference Count: 28Knopf, D. A. Mak, J. Gross, S. Bertram, A. K.},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {5},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The heterogeneous oxidation of a saturated hydrocarbon monolayer by NO3 was studied. A flow tube reactor coupled to chemical ionization mass spectrometry was used to determine the reactive uptake coefficient of NO3 on these surfaces, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to investigate surface oxidation and to determine if exposure to NO3 leads to volatilization of the organic substrate. The uptake coefficient of NO3 by an alkane monolayer is about (8.8 +/- 2.5) x 10(-4), which may lead to competitive oxidation compared with OH, due to the higher atmospheric abundance of NO3 under certain conditions. The XPS results are consistent with the formation of 1) C-O groups, 2) ketones or aldehydes, and 3) carboxylic groups. The XPS results also suggest that NO3 does not rapidly volatilize the organic surface: even under extremely polluted conditions, maximum 10\% of the organic layer is volatilized.},
	keywords = {FILMS, GAS-PHASE PRODUCTS, HETEROGENEOUS REACTION, KINETICS, LIQUID, OLEIC-ACID, ORGANIC AEROSOLS, ozone, PARTICLES, REACTIVE UPTAKE},
	isbn = {0094-8276},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000240642600004},
	author = {Knopf, D. A. and Mak, J. and Gross, S. and Bertram, A. K.}
}
@article {910,
	title = {Synthesis of well-defined environmentally responsive polymer brushes by aqueous ATRP},
	journal = {Macromolecules},
	volume = {37},
	number = {3},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 771TWTimes Cited: 102Cited Reference Count: 56},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {734-743},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Functionalized anionic polystyrene latex particles with ATRP initiators were synthesized by surfactant-free shell-growth emulsion polymerization of styrene and 2-(2{\textquoteright}-chloropropionato)ethyl acrylate (HEA-Cl). N-Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) was polymerized from these particles by surface-initiated aqueous ATRP using PMDETA/CuCl and HMTETA/CuCl catalysts to synthesize poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brushes. The grafted latexes were characterized for molecular weight of the PNIPAM chains, grafting density, and hydrodynamic thickness of the grafted polymer layer. Molecular weights of the grafted PNIPAM chains depended on the monomer concentration, concentration of copper(II) complex, and the presence of external initiator in the reaction medium. M-n of the grafted chains increases with increase in the monomer concentration and decreases with addition of copper(II) complex and external initiator. The HMTETA/CuCl catalyst produces higher molecular weight chains than PMDETA/CuCl. Molecular weights from similar to50 000 to 800 000 with low polydispersities, between 1.25 and 1.4, were achieved. The grafting density of PNIPAM on the surface increases with increasing monomer concentration and decreases with addition of copper(II) catalyst and external initiator. Block copolymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide from PNIPAM-grafted latex demonstrated that the chains are terminated with a chlorine atom, and the grafting reactions are taking place by the ATRP mechanism. The hydrodynamic thickness (HT) of the grafted PNIPAM layer scales as DP0.66 (where DP = degree of polymerization) at constant grafting density (chains/nm(2)). The HT values for PNIPAM brushes are sensitive to temperature and salt concentration. Since the transition from extended coil to collapsed structure occurs over a range of temperature and salt concentration, it follows a second-order transition, as predicted by theory. The thickness of the collapsed brush is sensitive to the type of stimulus used to induce the phase transition.},
	keywords = {GLOBULE TYPE TRANSITIONS, INTERFACES, N-DIMETHYLACRYLAMIDE) BRUSHES, PARTICLES, POLY(N, POLY(N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE), PROTEIN, SILICA, SURFACE-INITIATED POLYMERIZATIONS, TEMPERATURE, TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION},
	isbn = {0024-9297},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000188803000010},
	author = {Kizhakkedathu, J. N. and Norris-Jones, R. and Brooks, D. E.}
}
@article {748,
	title = {Adsorption of BTSE and gamma-APS organosilanes on different microstructural regions of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy},
	journal = {Applied Surface Science},
	volume = {207},
	number = {1-4},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 655URTimes Cited: 30Cited Reference Count: 34},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {40-50},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The adsorption of bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTSE) and gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (gamma-APS) has been studied on 2024-T3 aluminum alloy samples using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The thickness and coverage of the BTSE film formed on a mechanically polished sample was found to be strongly affected by the distribution of second-phase particles on the alloy surface. Specifically, although the adsorption occurs on the alloy matrix away from the particles, and on the particles themselves, the regions immediately surrounding the particles had less BTSE. The amounts of this adsorption on an air-oxidized sample is increased on average, although the coating is non-uniform with regions (similar to100 mum) of higher and lower coverages. There appears to be a competition between the silane deposition and etching of the underlying oxide film for the initially oxidized sample. The adsorption of gamma-APS is different with films of relatively even thickness formed over large areas of the polished sample; hydrogen bonding through the amino groups probably helps the distribution in this case. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {aluminum alloy, DISSOLUTION, iron, metals, OXIDATION, PAINT ADHESION, PARTICLES, PITTING CORROSION, silane adsorption, SURFACE, surface microstructure},
	isbn = {0169-4332},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000181571500007},
	author = {Susac, D. and Sun, X. and Mitchell, K. A. R.}
}
@article {4440,
	title = {Light scattering study on sol-gel transformation of SiO2 colloid at extremely high concentrations},
	journal = {Clays and Clay Minerals},
	volume = {46},
	number = {2},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: ZU862Times Cited: 5Cited Reference Count: 29},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {161-166},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Ludox SiO(2 )sols with a reasonably uniform size of 12 nm and in the high concentration of 10 to 40 wt\% were transformed to gels by lowering the pH. The process from sol to gel, followed by light scattering, did not show a sign of fractal growth within the length scale of observation (>40 nm). Rather, a density fluctuation due to a dynamic (non-equilibrium) disorder was apparent. Together with the results of viscosity measurements, it was concluded that the process consists of 3 stages: 1) A dynamic (non-equilibrium) density fluctuation grows rapidly. 2) Such density fluctuation acquires some order. 3) The entire bulk loses fluidity and becomes a macroscopic gel.},
	keywords = {AGGREGATION, DENSITY FLUCTUATION, GLASS, GROWTH, light scattering study, PARTICLES, SILICA, SiO2 colloids, sol-gel transformation, TRANSITION, X-RAY-SCATTERING},
	isbn = {0009-8604},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000074243100006},
	author = {Xu, Y. N. and Koga,Yoshikata}
}
@article {3703,
	title = {Interfacial thickness of liposomes containing poly(ethylene glycol)-cholesterol from electrophoresis},
	journal = {Biophysical Journal},
	volume = {70},
	number = {1},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: TY683Times Cited: 29Cited Reference Count: 33},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {313-320},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The electrophoretic mobilities of liposomes incorporating a polyethylene glycol (PEG) headgroup coupled to cholesterol for PEG of average chain index 3.0, 13.2, and 22.3 have been determined as a function of PEG-cholesterol mole fraction between 5\% and 40\% and ionic strength between 2 and 200 mM. The liposome compositions were 40 mole \% cholesterol plus PEG-cholesterol, 10 mole \% 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glyerco-3-phosphoglycerol and 50 mole \% egg phosphatidylcholine. The mobilities were fit to a model in which the PEG forms a surface layer of polymer subject to viscous drag arising I from electroosmotic flow within this layer. The model provides estimates of the average layer thickness that are comparable to those determined from contemporary models of surface-attached polymer.},
	keywords = {CELLS, CHAINS, grafted polymer brush, mobility, PARTICLES},
	isbn = {0006-3495},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996TY68300026},
	author = {Janzen, J. and Song, X. and Brooks, D. E.}
}
@article {3244,
	title = {STRUCTURE OF THE METAL-ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION INTERFACE - THEORETICAL RESULTS FOR SIMPLE-MODELS},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
	volume = {102},
	number = {2},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: QA679Times Cited: 19Cited Reference Count: 41},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {1024-1033},
	type = {Article},
	keywords = {CHARGED SURFACES, DIPOLAR HARD-SPHERES, ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER, HYPERNETTED-CHAIN APPROXIMATION, INFINITE DILUTION, MOLECULAR-SOLVENT MODEL, NONSPHERICAL, NUMERICAL-SOLUTION, PARTICLES, QUANTUM-THEORY, UNIFORM PLANAR WALL},
	isbn = {0021-9606},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995QA67900047},
	author = {Berard, D. R. and Kinoshita, M. and Ye, X. and Patey, G. N.}
}
