@article {1382,
	title = {Deposition ice nucleation on soot at temperatures relevant for the lower troposphere},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {111},
	number = {D4},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 021EPTimes Cited: 36Cited Reference Count: 43},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {9},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The ice nucleating efficiency of many important atmospheric particles remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the ice nucleation properties of a range of soot types including soot that has been treated with atmospherically relevant amounts of ozone. We focus on deposition nucleation below water saturation and at temperatures ranging from 243 to 258 K. For our experimental conditions, ice nucleation never occurred at temperatures above 248 K and below water saturation. Below 248 K, ice occasionally formed in our experiments with no indication of the formation of water droplets prior to ice formation. However, even at these temperatures the relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi) was close to water saturation when ice nucleation was observed, suggesting water nucleation may have occurred first followed by ice nucleation during the condensation process. We also performed a complimentary set of experiments where we held soot particles at 248 K and RHi = 124 +/- 4\%, which is just below water saturation, for a period of 8 hours. From these measurements we calculated an upper limit of the heterogeneous ice nucleation rate coefficient of 0.1 cm(-2) s(-1). If the number of soot particles is 1.5 x 10(5) L-1 in the atmosphere ( which corresponds to urban-influenced rural areas), then the number of ice particles produced below water saturation at these conditions is at most 0.1 particles L-1 on the basis of our upper limit. We conclude from our studies that deposition nucleation of ice on most types of soot particles is not important in the Earth{\textquoteright}s troposphere above 243 K and below water saturation.},
	keywords = {ACID, AEROSOL, CARBON, CLOUDS, crystallization, CRYSTALS, deliquescence, EXHAUST, PARTICLES, WATER},
	isbn = {0148-0227},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000235966800008},
	author = {Dymarska, M. and Murray, B. J. and Sun, L. M. and Eastwood, M. L. and Knopf, D. A. and Bertram, A. K.}
}
@article {1506,
	title = {Formation and stability of cubic ice in water droplets},
	journal = {Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 993PVTimes Cited: 26Cited Reference Count: 28},
	pages = {186-192},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {There is growing evidence that a metastable phase of ice, cubic ice, plays an important role in the Earth{\textquoteright}s troposphere and stratosphere. Cubic ice may also be important in diverse fields such as cryobiology and planetary sciences. Using X-ray diffraction, we studied the formation of cubic ice in pure water droplets suspended in an oil matrix as a function of droplet size. The results show that droplets of volume median diameter 5.6 mm froze dominantly to cubic ice with stacking faults. These results support previous suggestions that cubic ice is the crystalline phase that nucleates when pure water droplets freeze homogeneously at similar to 235 K. It is also shown that as the size of the water droplets increased from 5.6 to 17.0 mu m, the formation of the stable phase of ice, hexagonal ice, was favoured. This size dependence can be rationalised with heat transfer calculations. We also investigated the stability of cubic ice that forms in water droplets suspended in an oil matrix. We observe cubic ice up to 243 K, much higher in temperature than observed in many previous studies. This result adds to the existing literature that shows bulk ice I-c can persist up to similar to 240 K. The transformation of cubic ice to hexagonal ice also showed a complex time and temperature dependence, proceeding rapidly at. rst and then slowing down and coming to a halt. These combined results help explain why cubic ice forms in some experiments described in the literature and not others.},
	keywords = {CRYSTALS, LIQUID WATER, NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION, NUCLEATION, X-RAY-DIFFRACTION},
	isbn = {1463-9076},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000233968300021},
	author = {Murray, B. J. and Bertram, A. K.}
}
@article {445,
	title = {Molecular dynamics simulations of a ferroelectric nematic liquid under shear flow},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
	volume = {117},
	number = {18},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 610YYTimes Cited: 5Cited Reference Count: 47},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {8551-8564},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We perform nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to examine the change in orientational order of a ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal under shear flow, specifically planar Couette flow. The orientational order is found to decrease with increasing shear rate. This drop in orientational order is not due to structural changes but is rather a result of the director dynamics being flow unstable. Employing both nonequilibrium and equilibrium molecular dynamics with the director orientation fixed, we determine the shear and twist viscosities which relate the pressure tensor to the shear or strain rate tensor in a nematic liquid crystal under flow. The Miesowicz viscosities are then obtained from linear combinations of the shear and twist viscosities. The short-range spatial structure of the ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal is similar to that of a ferroelectric tetragonal I lattice. The relative magnitudes of the Miesowicz viscosities can be understood by examining the shear stress response of this lattice to a shear deformation. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.},
	keywords = {BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS, COMPUTER-SIMULATION, CRYSTALS, FLUIDS, MONTE-CARLO, PHASE-TRANSITIONS, rheology, STATE, VISCOSITY},
	isbn = {0021-9606},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000178990700045},
	author = {McWhirter, J. L. and Patey, G. N.}
}
@article {3367,
	title = {CONTROL OF SOLID-STATE PHOTODIMERIZATION OF TRANS-CINNAMIC ACID BY DOUBLE SALT FORMATION WITH DIAMINES},
	journal = {Tetrahedron Letters},
	volume = {36},
	number = {34},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: RR016Times Cited: 62Cited Reference Count: 15},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {6083-6086},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {By double salt formation, diamines can steer the solid-state [2+2] photodimerization of trans-cinnamic acid (1). Thus, the yields for the photodimerization were significant only in three double salts, i.e., the ones with tn and t- and c-chxn, which are assumed to have an overlap structure. The resultant photodimer is generally beta-truxinic acid, although in one case, epsilon-truxillic acid was formed. alpha-Truxillic acid was not produced from any of the double salts studied. The X-ray crystal structures of three double salts of low photoreactivity (1 . en, 1 . pen, 1 . hen) were consistent with Schmidt{\textquoteright}s rule.},
	keywords = {CHAIN, CRYSTALS},
	isbn = {0040-4039},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995RR01600023},
	author = {Ito, Y. and Borecka, B. and Trotter, J. and Scheffer, J. R.}
}
@article {3367,
	title = {CONTROL OF SOLID-STATE PHOTODIMERIZATION OF TRANS-CINNAMIC ACID BY DOUBLE SALT FORMATION WITH DIAMINES},
	journal = {Tetrahedron Letters},
	volume = {36},
	number = {34},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: RR016Times Cited: 62Cited Reference Count: 15},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {6083-6086},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {By double salt formation, diamines can steer the solid-state [2+2] photodimerization of trans-cinnamic acid (1). Thus, the yields for the photodimerization were significant only in three double salts, i.e., the ones with tn and t- and c-chxn, which are assumed to have an overlap structure. The resultant photodimer is generally beta-truxinic acid, although in one case, epsilon-truxillic acid was formed. alpha-Truxillic acid was not produced from any of the double salts studied. The X-ray crystal structures of three double salts of low photoreactivity (1 . en, 1 . pen, 1 . hen) were consistent with Schmidt{\textquoteright}s rule.},
	keywords = {CHAIN, CRYSTALS},
	isbn = {0040-4039},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995RR01600023},
	author = {Ito, Y. and Borecka, B. and Trotter, J. and Scheffer, J. R.}
}
@article {7377,
	title = {ORIENTATIONAL ORDER IN SIMPLE DIPOLAR LIQUIDS - COMPUTER-SIMULATION OF A FERROELECTRIC NEMATIC PHASE},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	volume = {68},
	number = {13},
	year = {1992},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: HL670Times Cited: 202Cited Reference Count: 18},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {2043-2045},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Molecular-dynamics simulations are used to show that strongly interacting dipolar spheres can form a ferroelectric nematic phase. This is the first demonstration that dipolar forces alone can create an orientationally ordered liquid state. It is also the first time that the existence of a ferroelectric nematic phase has been established for a model fluid.},
	keywords = {CRYSTALS, ELECTROSTATIC SYSTEMS, PERIODIC BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS},
	isbn = {0031-9007},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1992HL67000021},
	author = {Wei, D. Q. and Patey, G. N.}
}
@article {7346,
	title = {SELECTIVE SOLID-STATE PHOTOREARRANGEMENT THROUGH THE LESS STABLE OF 2 POSSIBLE BIRADICAL INTERMEDIATES},
	journal = {Journal of Organic Chemistry},
	volume = {57},
	number = {5},
	year = {1992},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: HG741Times Cited: 12Cited Reference Count: 32},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {1486-1494},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The photochemistry of methyl 2-benzoyl-1,4-dihydro-1,4-ethenonaphthalene-3-carboxylate is completely medium-dependent. In solution, two primary di-pi-methane-type photoproducts are formed. Neither of these products is produced when the photolysis is carried out in the solid state; instead, three new photoproducts are formed. The results are interpreted as being due to reaction through 1,3-biradical intermediates, the more stable of which are preferred in solution whereas the less stable ones are formed in the solid state as a result of topochemical restrictions of molecular motion. X-ray crystallographic evidence in support of these ideas is presented and discussed.},
	keywords = {CRYSTALS, EXPLORATORY ORGANIC-PHOTOCHEMISTRY, HYDROGEN ABSTRACTION REACTIONS, POLAR SUBSTITUENTS, REARRANGEMENT},
	isbn = {0022-3263},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1992HG74100030},
	author = {Pokkuluri, P. R. and Scheffer, J. R. and Trotter, J. and Yap, M.}
}
@article {7346,
	title = {SELECTIVE SOLID-STATE PHOTOREARRANGEMENT THROUGH THE LESS STABLE OF 2 POSSIBLE BIRADICAL INTERMEDIATES},
	journal = {Journal of Organic Chemistry},
	volume = {57},
	number = {5},
	year = {1992},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: HG741Times Cited: 12Cited Reference Count: 32},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {1486-1494},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The photochemistry of methyl 2-benzoyl-1,4-dihydro-1,4-ethenonaphthalene-3-carboxylate is completely medium-dependent. In solution, two primary di-pi-methane-type photoproducts are formed. Neither of these products is produced when the photolysis is carried out in the solid state; instead, three new photoproducts are formed. The results are interpreted as being due to reaction through 1,3-biradical intermediates, the more stable of which are preferred in solution whereas the less stable ones are formed in the solid state as a result of topochemical restrictions of molecular motion. X-ray crystallographic evidence in support of these ideas is presented and discussed.},
	keywords = {CRYSTALS, EXPLORATORY ORGANIC-PHOTOCHEMISTRY, HYDROGEN ABSTRACTION REACTIONS, POLAR SUBSTITUENTS, REARRANGEMENT},
	isbn = {0022-3263},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1992HG74100030},
	author = {Pokkuluri, P. R. and Scheffer, J. R. and Trotter, J. and Yap, M.}
}
