@article {1506,
	title = {Formation and stability of cubic ice in water droplets},
	journal = {Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 993PVTimes Cited: 26Cited Reference Count: 28},
	pages = {186-192},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {There is growing evidence that a metastable phase of ice, cubic ice, plays an important role in the Earth{\textquoteright}s troposphere and stratosphere. Cubic ice may also be important in diverse fields such as cryobiology and planetary sciences. Using X-ray diffraction, we studied the formation of cubic ice in pure water droplets suspended in an oil matrix as a function of droplet size. The results show that droplets of volume median diameter 5.6 mm froze dominantly to cubic ice with stacking faults. These results support previous suggestions that cubic ice is the crystalline phase that nucleates when pure water droplets freeze homogeneously at similar to 235 K. It is also shown that as the size of the water droplets increased from 5.6 to 17.0 mu m, the formation of the stable phase of ice, hexagonal ice, was favoured. This size dependence can be rationalised with heat transfer calculations. We also investigated the stability of cubic ice that forms in water droplets suspended in an oil matrix. We observe cubic ice up to 243 K, much higher in temperature than observed in many previous studies. This result adds to the existing literature that shows bulk ice I-c can persist up to similar to 240 K. The transformation of cubic ice to hexagonal ice also showed a complex time and temperature dependence, proceeding rapidly at. rst and then slowing down and coming to a halt. These combined results help explain why cubic ice forms in some experiments described in the literature and not others.},
	keywords = {CRYSTALS, LIQUID WATER, NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION, NUCLEATION, X-RAY-DIFFRACTION},
	isbn = {1463-9076},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000233968300021},
	author = {Murray, B. J. and Bertram, A. K.}
}
@inbook {1447,
	title = {Surface science studies of the effect of Al alloy microstructure on the formation of chromate coatings},
	booktitle = {Aluminium Alloys 2006, Pts 1 and 2 - Research through Innovation and Technology},
	series = {Materials Science Forum},
	volume = {519-521},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: BEZ41Times Cited: 3Cited Reference Count: 22Kulinich, S. A. Akhtar, A. S. Susac, D. Wong, K. C. Wong, P. C. Mitchell, K. A. R.Proceedings Paper10th International Conference on Aliminium Alloys (ICAA-10)JUL 09-13, 2006Vancouver, CANADABRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND},
	pages = {621-628},
	publisher = {Trans Tech Publications Ltd},
	organization = {Trans Tech Publications Ltd},
	address = {Zurich-Uetikon},
	abstract = {Surface science methods including scanning Auger microscopy (SAM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy have been used to study the initial growth of chromate conversion coatings on aluminum 2024-T3 alloy, using a coating bath formed by dissolving CrO3, Na2Cr2O7 and NaF in water. The objective is to learn more about growth mechanism on the different microstructural regions of this alloy surface, including the second-phase particles and the alloy matrix.},
	keywords = {2024-T3 ALUMINUM-ALLOY, AA2024-T3, aluminum alloy, ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY, CHEMISTRY, chromate conversion coating, CONVERSION COATINGS, corrosion, NUCLEATION, PAINT ADHESION, photoelectron, Raman spectroscopy, scanning Auger microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, SPECTROSCOPY},
	isbn = {0255-54760-87849-408-1},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000240309000097},
	author = {Kulinich, S. A. and Akhtar, A. S. and Susac, D. and Wong, K. C. and Wong, P. C. and Mitchell, K. A. R.},
	editor = {Poole, W. J. and Wells, M. A. and Lloyd, D. J.}
}
@article {1147,
	title = {Calorimetric study on self-assembling of two kinds of monometallic nanoparticles in solution},
	journal = {Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry},
	volume = {81},
	number = {3},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 962VGTimes Cited: 4Cited Reference Count: 233rd International Symposium on New Frontiers of Thermal Studies of MaterialsNOV 28-30, 2004Tsukuba, JAPANJSCTA, Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure \& Appl Sci, Soc Promot Calorimetry \& Thermal Anal, Ibaraki, Sci \& Technol Promot Fdn},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {523-527},
	type = {Proceedings Paper},
	abstract = {Recently, we have reported a noble method of preparing Ag/Rh bimetallic nanoparticles with a pseudo-core/shell structure. We simply mix the dispersions of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)(PVP)-protected Ag and Rh nanoparticles in solution at room temperature. We found that the mixture of dispersions forms bimetallic nanoparticles in a pseudo-core/shell structure on standing. We call this process the {\textquoteright}self-assembling{\textquoteright} or {\textquoteright}self-organizing{\textquoteright}. In this study we seek for a thermodynamic driving force for this process by determining the enthalpy of the interaction among three pairs of nanoparticles by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The results indicate that the interaction between each pair is strongly exothermic, and that among the pairs studied here the strength of the exothermic interaction is in the order of Ag/Pt<Ag/Pd<Ag/Rh.},
	keywords = {bimetallic nanoparticles, calorimetric method, CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY, CLUSTERS, CORE-SHELL NANOPARTICLES, core/shell structure, GROWTH, isothermal titration calorimetry, metal nanoparticle, NUCLEATION, palladium, PD, platinum, REDUCTION, rhodium, self-assembling, SELF-ORGANIZATION, silver, STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS},
	isbn = {1388-6150},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000231760500004},
	author = {Kanemaru, M. and Shiraishi, Y. and Koga,Yoshikata and Toshima, N.}
}
@article {1218,
	title = {The formation of cubic ice under conditions relevant to Earth{\textquoteright}s atmosphere},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {434},
	number = {7030},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 904JUTimes Cited: 61Cited Reference Count: 30},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {202-205},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {An important mechanism for ice cloud formation in the Earth{\textquoteright}s atmosphere is homogeneous nucleation of ice in aqueous droplets, and this process is generally assumed to produce hexagonal ice(1,2). However, there are some reports that the metastable crystalline phase of ice, cubic ice, may form in the Earth{\textquoteright}s atmosphere(3-5). Here we present laboratory experiments demonstrating that cubic ice forms when micrometre-sized droplets of pure water and aqueous solutions freeze homogeneously at cooling rates approaching those found in the atmosphere. We find that the formation of cubic ice is dominant when droplets freeze at temperatures below 190 K, which is in the temperature range relevant for polar stratospheric clouds and clouds in the tropical tropopause region. These results, together with heat transfer calculations, suggest that cubic ice will form in the Earth{\textquoteright}s atmosphere. If there were a significant fraction of cubic ice in some cold clouds this could increase their water vapour pressure, and modify their microphysics and ice particle size distributions(5). Under specific conditions this may lead to enhanced dehydration of the tropopause region(5).},
	keywords = {CHEMISTRY, CLOUDS, crystallization, HALO, LIQUID WATER, MICROPHYSICS, NUCLEATION, PHASE-TRANSITIONS, X-RAY-DIFFRACTION},
	isbn = {0028-0836},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000227494500041},
	author = {Murray, B. J. and Knopf, D. A. and Bertram, A. K.}
}
@article {957,
	title = {Deliquescence of malonic, succinic, glutaric, and adipic acid particles},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {109},
	number = {D6},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 809FPTimes Cited: 32Cited Reference Count: 46},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {8},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {In order to understand and predict the role of organic particles in the atmosphere their deliquescence behavior must be understood. Using an optical microscope coupled to a flow cell, we investigated the deliquescence of malonic, succinic, glutaric, and adipic acid particles with sizes ranging from 2 to 40 mm. Deliquescence relative humidities were determined for temperatures ranging from 293 to 243 K. Over this temperature range both succinic acid and adipic acid deliquesced at approximately 100\% relative humidity, whereas malonic acid and glutaric acid deliquesced at significantly lower relative humidities. These results are generally in good agreement with previous studies and are within 3\% of calculations based on the UNIQUAC (universal quasi-chemical) Functional Group Activity Coefficients (UNIFAC) model and recently published interaction parameters. Our studies also include measurements at temperatures below the eutectic temperatures. At these temperatures, ice did not nucleate; rather the particles underwent deliquescence to form metastable solution droplets. This indicates that solid dicarboxylic acids are not good ice nuclei above 243 K and hence will probably not play a role in ice cloud formation at these temperatures.},
	keywords = {AEROSOL, AEROSOL PHASE, AMAZON BASIN, AMMONIUM-SULFATE, atmospheric chemistry, ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES, CIRRUS CLOUD FORMATION, deliquescence, dicarboxylic acid, DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS, HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH, ice, NUCLEATION, optical microscopy, PHASE-TRANSITIONS, STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES, WATER},
	isbn = {0148-0227},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000220622900002},
	author = {Parsons, M. T. and Mak, J. and Lipetz, S. R. and Bertram, A. K.}
}
@article {643,
	title = {From the first to the second domain of gelsolin: a common path on the surface of actin?},
	journal = {Febs Letters},
	volume = {552},
	number = {2-3},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 726DKTimes Cited: 22Cited Reference Count: 29},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {86-90},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We present the 2.6. resolution crystal structure of a complex formed between G-actin and gelsolin fragment Met25-GIn160 (G1+). The structure differs from those of other gelsolin domain 1 (G1) complexes in that an additional six amino acid residues from the crucial linker region into gelsolin domain 2 (G2) are visible and are attached securely to the surface of actin. The linker segment extends away from G1 up the face of actin in a direction that infers G2 will bind along the same long-pitch helical strand as the actin bound to G1. This is consistent with a mechanism whereby G2 attaches gelsolin to the side of a filament and then directs G1 toward a position where it would disrupt actin-actin contacts. Alignment of the sequence of the structurally important residues within the G1-G2 linker with those of WH2 (WASp homology domain 2) domain protein family members (e.g. WASp (Wiscott-Aldridge syndrome protein) and thymosin beta4) suggests that the opposing activities of filament assembly and disassembly may exploit a common patch on the surface of actin. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies.},
	keywords = {actin, BINDING, calcium, COMPLEX, crystal structure, DIFFRACTION DATA, F-ACTIN, FILAMENT, gelsolin, IDENTIFICATION, MODEL, MOTILITY, NUCLEATION, WH2 domain},
	isbn = {0014-5793},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000185583000003},
	author = {Irobi, E. and Burtnick, L. D. and Urosev, D. and Narayan, K. and Robinson, R. C.}
}
@article {7109,
	title = {COMPARISON OF WKB (WENTZEL-KRAMERS-BRILLOUIN) AND SWKB SOLUTIONS OF FOKKER-PLANCK EQUATIONS WITH EXACT RESULTS - APPLICATION TO ELECTRON THERMALIZATION},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Physics},
	volume = {69},
	number = {6},
	year = {1991},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: FZ294Times Cited: 5Cited Reference Count: 41},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {712-719},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A comparison of WKB (Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin) and SWKB eigenfunctions of the Schrodinger equation for potentials in the class encountered in supersymmetric quantum mechanics is presented. The potentials that are studied are those that result from the transformation of a Fokker-Planck eigenvalue problem to a Schrodinger equation. Linear Fokker-Planck equations of the type considered in this paper give the probability distribution function for a large number of physical situations. The time-dependent solutions can be expressed as a sum of exponential terms with each term characterized by an eigenvalue of the Fokker-Planck operator. The specific Fokker-Planck operator considered is the one that describes the thermalization of electrons in the inert gases. The WKB and SWKB semiclassical approximations are compared with exact numerical results. Although the eigenvalues can be very close to the exact values, we find significant departures for the eigenfunctions.},
	keywords = {ACTIVATED, APPROXIMATION, DISCRETE-ORDINATE METHOD, EIGENVALUES, INVARIANCE, ISOMERIZATION, NUCLEATION, RARE-GAS MODERATORS, RATE-PROCESSES, SHAPE, SOLVABLE POTENTIALS, SUPERSYMMETRIC QUANTUM-MECHANICS},
	isbn = {0008-4204},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1991FZ29400011},
	author = {Shizgal, B. and Demeio, L.}
}
