@article {MASTREN201724,
	title = {Bulk production and evaluation of high specific activity 186gRe for cancer therapy using enriched 186WO3 targets in a proton beam},
	journal = {Nuclear Medicine and Biology},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {24 - 29},
	abstract = {Introduction Rhenium-186g (t1/2 = 3.72 d) is a β- emitting isotope suitable for theranostic applications. Current production methods rely on reactor production by way of the reaction 185Re(n,γ)186gRe, which results in low specific activities limiting its use for cancer therapy. Production via charged particle activation of enriched 186W results in a 186gRe product with a higher specific activity, allowing it to be used more broadly for targeted radiotherapy applications. This targets the unmet clinical need for more efficient radiotherapeutics. Methods A target consisting of highly enriched, pressed 186WO3 was irradiated with protons at the Los Alamos National Laboratory Isotope Production Facility (LANL-IPF) to evaluate 186gRe product yield and quality. LANL-IPF was operated in a dedicated nominal 40 MeV mode. Alkaline dissolution followed by anion exchange chromatography was used to isolate 186gRe from the target material. Phantom and radiolabeling studies were conducted with the produced 186gRe activity. Results A 186gRe batch yield of 1.38 {\textpm} 0.09 MBq/μAh or 384.9 {\textpm} 27.3 MBq/C was obtained after 16.5 h in a 205 μA average/230μA maximum current proton beam. The chemical recovery yield was 93\% and radiolabeling was achieved with efficiencies ranging from 60{\textendash}80\%. True specific activity of 186gRe at EOB was determined via ICP-AES and amounted to 0.788 {\textpm} 0.089 GBq/μg (0.146 {\textpm} 0.017 GBq/nmol), which is approximately seven times higher than the product obtained from neutron capture in a reactor. Phantom studies show similar imaging quality to the gold standard 99mTc. Conclusions We report a preliminary study of the large-scale production and novel anion exchange based chemical recovery of high specific activity 186gRe from enriched 186WO3 targets in a high-intensity proton beam with exceptional chemical recovery and radiochemical purity.},
	keywords = {high specific activity, radiolabeling, RE, SPECT phantom images, Theranostic, WO target},
	issn = {0969-8051},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.02.006},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969805116304176},
	author = {Tara Mastren and Valery Radchenko and Hong T. Bach and Ethan R. Balkin and Eva R. Birnbaum and Mark Brugh and Jonathan W. Engle and Matthew D. Gott and James Guthrie and Heather M. Hennkens and Kevin D. John and Alan R. Ketring and Marina Kuchuk and Joel R. Maassen and Cleo M. Naranjo and F. Meiring Nortier and Tim E. Phelps and Silvia S. Jurisson and D. Scott Wilbur and Michael E. Fassbender}
}
@article {2369,
	title = {Long-chain rhenium and technetium glucosamine conjugates},
	journal = {Dalton Transactions},
	number = {42},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 508YBTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 44Bowen, Meryn L. Chen, Zhen-Feng Roos, Adrienne M. Misri, Ripen Haefeli, Urs Adam, Michael J. Orvig, Chris},
	pages = {9228-9236},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A series of five glucosamine-conjugated organometallic complexes of the tricarbonyl cores of technetium-99m and rhenium were made. Glucosamine was derivatized at the C-2 nitrogen with long chain alkyl spacers linked to either pyridyl-tert-nitrogen-phenol tridentate chelates or cyclopentadienyl ligating groups. The metal complexes of the tridentate ligands were formed by refluxing with [Re(CO)(3)(H2O)(3)]Br, or with a base and [Tc-99m(CO)(3)(H2O)(3)](+). These ligands were found to be competent chelates in binding the [Tc-99m(CO)(3)](+) core as radiolabeling yields ranged from 87 to 93\% and the resulting complexes are stable to cysteine and histidine challenges for 24 h. The cyclopentadienyl analogues were formed using a double ligand transfer reaction for the rhenium complexes and a single ligand transfer for the technetium-99m complexes. All five rhenium complexes were tested as substrates of hexokinase; two of these complexes were tested as hexokinase inhibitors and they were found to be competent inhibitors, suggesting that they may be able to interact with hexokinase. MTT cytotoxicity studies were performed and the complexes tested were found to be non-toxic to the concentrations tested (100 mu M or 1 mM). GLUT-1 mediated cell uptake studies were performed on all five technetium-99m complexes, and their cell entry was found to parallel their lipophilicities, suggesting that cellular uptake is by passive diffusion and is not mediated by GLUT-1.},
	keywords = {99M-TECHNETIUM, BIOMOLECULES, BREAST-CANCER, DERIVATIVES, HEXOKINASE, IN-VITRO, METAL-COMPLEXES, RE, TC-99M, TRANSPORT},
	isbn = {1477-9226},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000270973800021},
	author = {Bowen, M. L. and Chen, Z. F. and Roos, A. M. and Misri, R. and Hafeli, U. and Adam,Michael J. and Orvig, Chris}
}
@article {2369,
	title = {Long-chain rhenium and technetium glucosamine conjugates},
	journal = {Dalton Transactions},
	number = {42},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 508YBTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 44Bowen, Meryn L. Chen, Zhen-Feng Roos, Adrienne M. Misri, Ripen Haefeli, Urs Adam, Michael J. Orvig, Chris},
	pages = {9228-9236},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A series of five glucosamine-conjugated organometallic complexes of the tricarbonyl cores of technetium-99m and rhenium were made. Glucosamine was derivatized at the C-2 nitrogen with long chain alkyl spacers linked to either pyridyl-tert-nitrogen-phenol tridentate chelates or cyclopentadienyl ligating groups. The metal complexes of the tridentate ligands were formed by refluxing with [Re(CO)(3)(H2O)(3)]Br, or with a base and [Tc-99m(CO)(3)(H2O)(3)](+). These ligands were found to be competent chelates in binding the [Tc-99m(CO)(3)](+) core as radiolabeling yields ranged from 87 to 93\% and the resulting complexes are stable to cysteine and histidine challenges for 24 h. The cyclopentadienyl analogues were formed using a double ligand transfer reaction for the rhenium complexes and a single ligand transfer for the technetium-99m complexes. All five rhenium complexes were tested as substrates of hexokinase; two of these complexes were tested as hexokinase inhibitors and they were found to be competent inhibitors, suggesting that they may be able to interact with hexokinase. MTT cytotoxicity studies were performed and the complexes tested were found to be non-toxic to the concentrations tested (100 mu M or 1 mM). GLUT-1 mediated cell uptake studies were performed on all five technetium-99m complexes, and their cell entry was found to parallel their lipophilicities, suggesting that cellular uptake is by passive diffusion and is not mediated by GLUT-1.},
	keywords = {99M-TECHNETIUM, BIOMOLECULES, BREAST-CANCER, DERIVATIVES, HEXOKINASE, IN-VITRO, METAL-COMPLEXES, RE, TC-99M, TRANSPORT},
	isbn = {1477-9226},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000270973800021},
	author = {Bowen, M. L. and Chen, Z. F. and Roos, A. M. and Misri, R. and Hafeli, U. and Adam,Michael J. and Orvig, Chris}
}
@article {1265,
	title = {A glucosamine dipicolylamine conjugate of Tc-99m(I) and Re-186(I) for use in imaging and therapy},
	journal = {Dalton Transactions},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 895EYTimes Cited: 32Cited Reference Count: 16},
	pages = {654-655},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The synthesis and metal complexation of a glucosamine-appended 2,2{\textquoteright}-dipicolylamine ligand to the tricarbonyls of Tc-99m and Re-186 is described; the ligand was found to bind in a tridentate fashion with the glucosamine function remaining pendant, and the Tc-99m complex was found to exhibit exceptional stability towards in vitro ligand exchange experiments.},
	keywords = {ACID, BIOMOLECULES, COMPLEXES, RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS, RE},
	isbn = {1477-9226},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000226844900003},
	author = {Storr, T. and Fisher, C. L. and Mikata, Y. and Yano, S. and Adam,Michael J. and Orvig, Chris}
}
@article {1265,
	title = {A glucosamine dipicolylamine conjugate of Tc-99m(I) and Re-186(I) for use in imaging and therapy},
	journal = {Dalton Transactions},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 895EYTimes Cited: 32Cited Reference Count: 16},
	pages = {654-655},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The synthesis and metal complexation of a glucosamine-appended 2,2{\textquoteright}-dipicolylamine ligand to the tricarbonyls of Tc-99m and Re-186 is described; the ligand was found to bind in a tridentate fashion with the glucosamine function remaining pendant, and the Tc-99m complex was found to exhibit exceptional stability towards in vitro ligand exchange experiments.},
	keywords = {ACID, BIOMOLECULES, COMPLEXES, RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS, RE},
	isbn = {1477-9226},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000226844900003},
	author = {Storr, T. and Fisher, C. L. and Mikata, Y. and Yano, S. and Adam,Michael J. and Orvig, Chris}
}
