@article {499,
	title = {Effects of diabetes, vanadium, and insulin on glycogen synthase activation in Wistar rats},
	journal = {Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry},
	volume = {231},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 527LATimes Cited: 21Cited Reference Count: 51},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {23-35},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {In vivo effects of insulin and vanadium treatment on glycogen synthase (GS), glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) activity were determined in Wistar rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. The skeletal muscle was freeze-clamped before or following an insulin injection (5 U/kg i.v.). Diabetes, vanadium, and insulin in vivo treatment did not affect muscle GSK-3beta activity as compared to controls. Following insulin stimulation in 4-week STZ-diabetic rats muscle GS fractional activity (GSFA) was increased 3 fold (p < 0.05), while in 7-week diabetic rats it remained unchanged, suggesting development of insulin resistance in longer term diabetes. Muscle PP1 activity was increased in diabetic rats and returned to normal after vanadium treatment, while muscle GSFA remained unchanged. Therefore, it is possible that PP1 is involved in the regulation of some other cellular events of vanadium (other than regulation of glycogen synthesis). The lack of effect of vanadium treatment in stimulating glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle suggests the involvement of other metabolic pathways in the observed glucoregulatory effect of vanadium.},
	keywords = {BLOOD-GLUCOSE, GLUCOSE-TRANSPORT, glycogen, IN-VITRO, insulin resistance, MELLITUS, MOLECULAR MECHANISM, PHOSPHORYLATION, PROTEIN-KINASE-B, RABBIT SKELETAL-MUSCLE, S6 KINASE, serine/threonine kinases and phosphatases, streptozotocin-induced diabetes, SYNTHESIS, VANADATE},
	isbn = {0300-8177},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000174186500004},
	author = {Semiz, S. and Orvig, Chris and McNeill, J. H.}
}
@article {3863,
	title = {Effects of low and high dose administration of bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) on fa/fa Zucker rats},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology},
	volume = {74},
	number = {9},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: VX380Times Cited: 42Cited Reference Count: 57},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {1001-1009},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The fatty Zucker rat, characterized by obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and mild hyperglycemia, has been suggested as an animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The present study examined the chronic dose-dependent effect of bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV), a potent insulin mimetic, in this animal model of diabetes. Chronic (6 weeks) oral administration of bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (0.06 mmol . kg(-1). day(-1), low dose study) was effective in reducing the hyperinsulinemia associated with the fatty Zucker rat model (termination insulin: lean, 82.8 +/- 21.6; fatty, 732 +/- 89.4; fatty treated, 336 +/- 126.6 pmol/L; p < 0.05). Pancreatic perfusion data indicated a significant improvement in insulin secretory function in the fatty rats. The dose dependency of this relationship was observed in the high dose study (0.128 mmol . kg(-1). day(-1) for 14 weeks), wherein bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) treatment restored plasma insulin levels in the fatty rats to lean levels (termination insulin: lean, 199.2 +/- 17.4; fatty, 660.6 +/- 12.6; fatty treated, 153.6 +/- 9.6 pmol/L; p < 0.05) and significantly improved insulin response to a glucose challenge. In addition, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) treatment (high dose study) ameliorated the age-dependent increase in blood pressure observed in fatty Zucker rats (systolic blood pressure: lean, 127 +/- 10; fatty, 176 +/- 5; fatty treated, 156 +/- 9 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa)). These data indicate that chronic oral administration of bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) in the drinking water was effective in reducing hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and hypertension in the fatty Zucker rat.},
	keywords = {bis(maltolato) oxovanadium(IV), BLOOD-PRESSURE, DEOXYCORTICOSTERONE-ACETATE, DIABETIC RATS, GLUCOSE-HOMEOSTASIS, HYPERTENSION, HYPERTENSIVE RATS, insulin resistance, LONG-TERM IMPROVEMENT, MUSCLE INSULIN RESISTANCE, OBESE RATS, ORAL VANADYL SULFATE, SMOOTH-MUSCLE, Zucker rat},
	isbn = {0008-4212},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996VX38000001},
	author = {Yuen, V. G. and Pederson, R. A. and Dai, S. and Orvig, Chris and McNeill, J. H.}
}
