@article {499,
	title = {Effects of diabetes, vanadium, and insulin on glycogen synthase activation in Wistar rats},
	journal = {Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry},
	volume = {231},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 527LATimes Cited: 21Cited Reference Count: 51},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {23-35},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {In vivo effects of insulin and vanadium treatment on glycogen synthase (GS), glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) activity were determined in Wistar rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. The skeletal muscle was freeze-clamped before or following an insulin injection (5 U/kg i.v.). Diabetes, vanadium, and insulin in vivo treatment did not affect muscle GSK-3beta activity as compared to controls. Following insulin stimulation in 4-week STZ-diabetic rats muscle GS fractional activity (GSFA) was increased 3 fold (p < 0.05), while in 7-week diabetic rats it remained unchanged, suggesting development of insulin resistance in longer term diabetes. Muscle PP1 activity was increased in diabetic rats and returned to normal after vanadium treatment, while muscle GSFA remained unchanged. Therefore, it is possible that PP1 is involved in the regulation of some other cellular events of vanadium (other than regulation of glycogen synthesis). The lack of effect of vanadium treatment in stimulating glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle suggests the involvement of other metabolic pathways in the observed glucoregulatory effect of vanadium.},
	keywords = {BLOOD-GLUCOSE, GLUCOSE-TRANSPORT, glycogen, IN-VITRO, insulin resistance, MELLITUS, MOLECULAR MECHANISM, PHOSPHORYLATION, PROTEIN-KINASE-B, RABBIT SKELETAL-MUSCLE, S6 KINASE, serine/threonine kinases and phosphatases, streptozotocin-induced diabetes, SYNTHESIS, VANADATE},
	isbn = {0300-8177},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000174186500004},
	author = {Semiz, S. and Orvig, Chris and McNeill, J. H.}
}
@article {4168,
	title = {Effects of bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) are distinct from food restriction in STZ-diabetic rats},
	journal = {American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism},
	volume = {272},
	number = {1},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: WG568Times Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 39},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {E30-E35},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {In association with the insulin-mimetic properties, vanadium and related compounds have been shown to normalize hyperphagia associated with diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to clarify the effects of an organic vanadium compound, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV), vs. food restriction on the metabolic abnormalities that occur in diabetes. BMOV was administered daily in drinking water to streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats for 6 wk. Pair-fed groups were fed based on the intake for their respective counterparts from the previous day. Plasma parameters mere measured weekly after a carefully controlled 5-h fasting period. BMOV reduced plasma glucose (diabetic = 31.2 +/- 1.9, diabetic treated = 10.2 +/- 1.8, and diabetic pair fed = 34.2 +/- 1.1 mM), triglyceride, and cholesterol levels to normal without a concomitant increase in plasma insulin levels. There was no body weight gain in the diabetic pair-fed group compared with all other groups. BMOV but not pair feeding was effective in preventing the decreased cardiac function observed in STZ-diabetic rats. These data suggest that the glucose-lowering properties of BMOV are independent of the effects of dietary restriction and reinforce the efficacy of BMOV as an effective antihyperglycemic agent.},
	keywords = {diabetes, FA/FA, GLUCOSE-HOMEOSTASIS, glucose-lowering effect, HYPERINSULINEMIA, IN-VIVO, INSULIN SENSITIVITY, LONG-TERM IMPROVEMENT, MELLITUS, ORAL VANADATE, RATS, SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS, STREPTOZOTOCIN, SULFATE, VANADYL},
	isbn = {0193-1849},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997WG56800005},
	author = {Yuen, V. G. and Orvig, Chris and McNeill, J. H.}
}
