@article {KURAKINA2021,
	title = {Improved separation scheme for 44Sc produced by irradiation of natCa targets with 12.8 MeV protons},
	journal = {Nucl. Med. Biol.},
	volume = {104-105},
	year = {2022},
	month = {11/2021},
	pages = {22-27},
	abstract = {<p>Introduction 44Sc is of great interest as a positron emission tomography (PET) radionuclide due to its suitable nuclear characteristics: Eβ+max = 1.47MeV, branching ratio 94.3\% and convenient half-life of 3.97 h. Here, 44Sc was produced via the widely used reaction 44Ca (p,n)44Sc using natural calcium as a target. Methods The irradiation was performed at TRIUMF using the 13 MeV cyclotron. The separation consisted of a combination of DGA branched resin and Dowex 50Wx8 (200\&ndash;400 mesh). The distribution coefficients of Sc3+ on Dowex 50Wx8 (NH4+ form, 200\&ndash;400 mesh) with ammonium α-hydroxyisobutyrate (pH = 4.8) medium were determined in this study. Results and conclusion The tested scheme allows both a reliable separation of 44Sc from the target material as well as from the other competitive metals and a final fraction with high specific activity. The achieved radiochemical yield was 95 \&plusmn; 3\%.</p>},
	keywords = {Cation exchange, DGA, Irradiation of natural Ca, Radiochemical separation, radiolabeling, Sc},
	issn = {0969-8051},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.11.002},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969805121005102},
	author = {E.S. Kurakina and L. Wharton and C. Hoehr and C. Orvig and E.P. Magomedbekov and D. Filosofov and V. Radchenko}
}
@article {MASTREN201724,
	title = {Bulk production and evaluation of high specific activity 186gRe for cancer therapy using enriched 186WO3 targets in a proton beam},
	journal = {Nuclear Medicine and Biology},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {24 - 29},
	abstract = {Introduction Rhenium-186g (t1/2 = 3.72 d) is a β- emitting isotope suitable for theranostic applications. Current production methods rely on reactor production by way of the reaction 185Re(n,γ)186gRe, which results in low specific activities limiting its use for cancer therapy. Production via charged particle activation of enriched 186W results in a 186gRe product with a higher specific activity, allowing it to be used more broadly for targeted radiotherapy applications. This targets the unmet clinical need for more efficient radiotherapeutics. Methods A target consisting of highly enriched, pressed 186WO3 was irradiated with protons at the Los Alamos National Laboratory Isotope Production Facility (LANL-IPF) to evaluate 186gRe product yield and quality. LANL-IPF was operated in a dedicated nominal 40 MeV mode. Alkaline dissolution followed by anion exchange chromatography was used to isolate 186gRe from the target material. Phantom and radiolabeling studies were conducted with the produced 186gRe activity. Results A 186gRe batch yield of 1.38 {\textpm} 0.09 MBq/μAh or 384.9 {\textpm} 27.3 MBq/C was obtained after 16.5 h in a 205 μA average/230μA maximum current proton beam. The chemical recovery yield was 93\% and radiolabeling was achieved with efficiencies ranging from 60{\textendash}80\%. True specific activity of 186gRe at EOB was determined via ICP-AES and amounted to 0.788 {\textpm} 0.089 GBq/μg (0.146 {\textpm} 0.017 GBq/nmol), which is approximately seven times higher than the product obtained from neutron capture in a reactor. Phantom studies show similar imaging quality to the gold standard 99mTc. Conclusions We report a preliminary study of the large-scale production and novel anion exchange based chemical recovery of high specific activity 186gRe from enriched 186WO3 targets in a high-intensity proton beam with exceptional chemical recovery and radiochemical purity.},
	keywords = {high specific activity, radiolabeling, RE, SPECT phantom images, Theranostic, WO target},
	issn = {0969-8051},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.02.006},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969805116304176},
	author = {Tara Mastren and Valery Radchenko and Hong T. Bach and Ethan R. Balkin and Eva R. Birnbaum and Mark Brugh and Jonathan W. Engle and Matthew D. Gott and James Guthrie and Heather M. Hennkens and Kevin D. John and Alan R. Ketring and Marina Kuchuk and Joel R. Maassen and Cleo M. Naranjo and F. Meiring Nortier and Tim E. Phelps and Silvia S. Jurisson and D. Scott Wilbur and Michael E. Fassbender}
}
@article {WILSON2015428,
	title = {Evaluation of nitrogen-rich macrocyclic ligands for the chelation of therapeutic bismuth radioisotopes},
	journal = {Nuclear Medicine and Biology},
	volume = {42},
	number = {5},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {428 - 438},
	abstract = {Introduction The use of α-emitting isotopes for radionuclide therapy is a promising treatment strategy for small micro-metastatic disease. The radioisotope 213Bi is a nuclide that has found substantial use for targeted α-therapy (TAT). The relatively unexplored aqueous chemistry of Bi3+, however, hinders the development of bifunctional chelating agents that can successfully deliver these Bi radioisotopes to the tumor cells. Here, a novel series of nitrogen-rich macrocyclic ligands is explored for their potential use as Bi-selective chelating agents. Methods The ligands, 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (Lpy), 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(3-pyridazylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (Lpyd), 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(4-pyrimidylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (Lpyr), and 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(2-pyrazinylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (Lpz), were prepared by a previously reported method and investigated here for their abilities to bind Bi radioisotopes. The commercially available and commonly used ligands 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and N-[(R)-2-amino-3-(p-isothiocyanato-phenyl)propyl]-trans-(S,S)- cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-N,N,N{\textquoteright},N",N"-pentaacetic acid (CHX-A''-DTPA) were also explored for comparative purposes. Radio-thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used to measure the binding kinetics and stabilities of the complexes formed. The long-lived isotope, 207Bi (t1/2=32years), was used for these studies. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also employed to probe the ligand interactions with Bi3+ and the generator parent ion Ac3+. Results In contrast to DOTA and CHX-A''-DTPA, these nitrogen-rich macrocycles selectively chelate Bi3+ in the presence of the parent isotope Ac3+. Among the four tested, Lpy was found to exhibit optimal Bi3+-binding kinetics and complex stability. Lpy complexes Bi3+ more rapidly than DOTA, yet the resulting complexes are of similar stability. DFT calculations corroborate the experimentally observed selectivity of these ligands for Bi3+ over Ac3+. Conclusion Taken together, these data implicate Lpy as a valuable chelating agent for the delivery of 213Bi. Its selectivity for Bi3+ and rapid and stable labeling properties warrant further investigation and biological studies.},
	keywords = {Actinium-225, Bismuth-213, macrocycles, Radio-thin-layer chromatography, radiolabeling, Targeted α-therapy},
	issn = {0969-8051},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.12.007},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969805114005721},
	author = {Justin J. Wilson and Maryline Ferrier and Valery Radchenko and Joel R. Maassen and Jonathan W. Engle and Enrique R. Batista and Richard L. Martin and Francois M. Nortier and Michael E. Fassbender and Kevin D. John and Eva R. Birnbaum}
}
@article {ANIE:ANIE201208551,
	title = {Stoichiometric Leverage: Rapid 18F-Aryltrifluoroborate Radiosynthesis at High Specific Activity for Click Conjugation},
	journal = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition},
	volume = {52},
	number = {8},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {2303{\textendash}2307},
	publisher = {WILEY-VCH Verlag},
	keywords = {bioconjugation, click chemistry, FLUORINE, radiochemistry, radiolabeling},
	issn = {1521-3773},
	doi = {10.1002/anie.201208551},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201208551},
	author = {Liu, Zhibo and Li, Ying and Lozada, Jerome and Schaffer, Paul and Adam, Michael J. and Ruth, Thomas J. and Perrin, David M.}
}
