@article {https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.202000228,
	title = {Quantification of the bisphosphonate alendronate using capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry with dynamic pH barrage junction focusing},
	journal = {ELECTROPHORESIS},
	volume = {42},
	number = {n/a},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {350{\textendash}359},
	abstract = {<p>Abstract A quantitative method was developed for the direct identity confirmation and quantification of alendronate using CE-MS combined with a pH-assisted focusing technique, dynamic pH barrage junction focusing. A pH-induced variation in electrophoretic mobility led to online focusing of alendronate at the sample/pH barrage boundary, significantly improving the detection sensitivity. In addition, the use of a flow-through microvial CE electrospray interface and the multiple reaction monitoring mode of MS further improved the specificity and quantification capability of this technology. This quantitative method presented a wide linear dynamic range over 8\&ndash;2000\&nbsp;ng/mL and an LOD of 2\&nbsp;ng/mL. A 460-fold improvement in sensitivity was obtained when pH barrage junction focusing was applied during the CE process, in comparison to when normal CE was conducted without online sample stacking. The superior detection sensitivity over previously reported methods enables direct analysis of bisphosphonate compounds, eliminating tedious pre-column sample enrichment and derivatization. Validation of alendronate content in a commercial drug tablet further proved the reliability and power of this method. This simple method with no sample derivatization, superior sensitivity, and short run time (\&lt;8\&nbsp;min) is a promising alternative for accurate quantification of alendronate and other types of bisphosphonate compounds in both drug formulations and plasma samples.</p>},
	keywords = {Alendronate, Ce, Dynamic pH barrage junction focusing, MS},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.202000228},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/elps.202000228},
	author = {Zhao, Tingting and Wang, Lingyu and Li, Yueyang and Chen, Sijia and Wang, Rizhi and Chen, David D. Y.}
}
@article {GRISWOLD2016366,
	title = {Large scale accelerator production of 225Ac: Effective cross sections for 78{\textendash}192MeV protons incident on 232Th targets},
	journal = {Applied Radiation and Isotopes},
	volume = {118},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {366 - 374},
	abstract = {Actinium-225 and 213Bi have been used successfully in targeted alpha therapy (TAT) in preclinical and clinical research. This paper is a continuation of research activities aiming to expand the availability of 225Ac. The high-energy proton spallation reaction on natural thorium metal targets has been utilized to produce millicurie quantities of 225Ac. The results of sixteen irradiation experiments of thorium metal at beam energies between 78 and 192MeV are summarized in this work. Irradiations have been conducted at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), while target dissolution and processing was carried out at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Excitation functions for actinium and thorium isotopes, as well as for some of the fission products, are presented. The cross sections for production of 225Ac range from 3.6 to 16.7mb in the incident proton energy range of 78{\textendash}192MeV. Based on these data, production of curie quantities of 225Ac is possible by irradiating a 5.0gcm-2 232Th target for 10 days in either BNL or LANL proton irradiation facilities.},
	keywords = {Ac, actinium, Alpha-emitting, Ba, Ce, MO, Proton irradiation, RADIOTHERAPY, Th, Thorium},
	issn = {0969-8043},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.09.026},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969804316307795},
	author = {J.R. Griswold and D.G. Medvedev and J.W. Engle and R. Copping and J.M. Fitzsimmons and V. Radchenko and J.C. Cooley and M.E. Fassbender and D.L. Denton and K.E. Murphy and A.C. Owens and E.R. Birnbaum and K.D. John and F.M. Nortier and D.W. Stracener and L.H. Heilbronn and L.F. Mausner and S. Mirzadeh}
}
