@article {2402,
	title = {LINEAR QUADRUPOLES IN MASS SPECTROMETRY},
	journal = {Mass Spectrometry Reviews},
	volume = {28},
	number = {6},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 515CWTimes Cited: 5Cited Reference Count: 145Douglas, D. J.},
	month = {Nov-Dec},
	pages = {937-960},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {The use of linear quadrupoles in mass spectrometry as mass filters and ion guides is reviewed. Following a tutorial review of the principles of mass filter operation, methods of mass analysis are reviewed. Discussed are extensions of quadrupole mass filters to higher masses, scanning with frequency sweeps of the quadrupole waveform, operation in higher stability regions, and operation with rectangular or other periodic waveforms. Two relatively new methods of mass analysis the use of "islands of stability" and "mass selective axial ejection" are then reviewed. The optimal electrode geometry for a quadrupole mass filter constructed with round rods is discussed. The use of collisional cooling in quadrupole ion guides is discussed along with ion guides that have axial fields. Finally, mass analysis with quadrupoles that have large distortions to the geometry and fields is discussed. An Appendix gives a brief tutorial review of definitions of electrical potentials and fields, as well as the units used in this article. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 28:937-960, 2009},
	keywords = {2ND STABILITY REGION, axial fields, AXIAL-FIELD, CHARGED-PARTICLE, COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION, distorted fields, FRINGING FIELDS, ion guide, ION OPTICAL-PROPERTIES, linear, mass filter, mass scans, multipoles, OCTOPOLE FIELDS, QUADRUPOLE, quadrupole excitation, RADIO-FREQUENCY, RESOLUTION, SEPARATION MODE, STABILITY, TRAJECTORIES, VOLTAGE COMPONENT},
	isbn = {0277-7037},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000271445200005},
	author = {Douglas, D. J.}
}
@article {2500,
	title = {Subdiffraction-Limit Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy for GFP-Tagged Cell Imaging},
	journal = {Biophysical Journal},
	volume = {97},
	number = {12},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 532QVTimes Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 33Li, Qifeng Wu, Sherry S. H. Chou, Keng C.},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {3224-3228},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We report applications of two-photon excitation fluorescence (2PEF) microscopy with subdiffraction-limit resolution for green-fluorescent-protein-tagged cell imaging. The microscope integrates 2PEF microscopy and stimulated emission depletion microscopy in one microscope that has the benefits of both techniques: intrinsic three-dimensional resolution, confined photobleaching, and subdiffraction-limit resolution. The subdiffraction-limit resolution was demonstrated by resolving green-fluorescent-protein-tagged caveolar vesicles located within a distance shorter than the diffraction limit of a regular 2PEF microscope, which is similar to 250 nm even with the best optics. The full width at half-maximum of the effective point-spread function for the 2PEF microscope was estimated to be similar to 54 nm.},
	keywords = {CAVEOLAE, NANOSCOPY, PROTEIN, RESOLUTION, STATES, STED MICROSCOPY, STIMULATED-EMISSION-DEPLETION},
	isbn = {0006-3495},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000272765400020},
	author = {Li, Q. F. and Wu, S. S. H. and Chou, K. C.}
}
@article {2264,
	title = {The hand of the filamentous bacteriophage helix},
	journal = {European Biophysics Journal with Biophysics Letters},
	volume = {37},
	number = {6},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 314QDTimes Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 30Straus, S. K. Scott, W. R. P. Marvin, D. A.},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {1077-1082},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Filamentous bacteriophage (Inovirus) is a widely studied model system in molecular biophysics. The structure of the virion has been analysed by various methods, but the methods have seldom questioned the hand of the virion helix. The hand of the helix relating the protein subunits in the class II virus strain Pf1 was chosen by calculating an electron-density distribution from X-ray fibre diffraction data, using a maximum-entropy method, but to our knowledge this method has not been used for a similar purpose in any other system. Moreover, this same hand was extended only by analogy, with no direct analysis of the corresponding data, to the class I virus strain Ff (fd, f1, M13), which has a different helix symmetry. Here we use published solid-state NMR data to confirm the validity of the hand of Pf1 chosen by the maximum-entropy method, and to confirm the extension to Ff.},
	keywords = {ALPHA-HELIX, COAT PROTEIN, ELECTRON-DENSITY, FIBER DIFFRACTION DATA, fibre diffraction, MEMBRANE-PROTEIN, models, MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE DETERMINATION, NMR-SPECTROSCOPY, PF1, RESOLUTION, SOLID-STATE NMR, STATE, XPLOR-NIH},
	isbn = {0175-7571},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000256823000038},
	author = {Straus, S. K. and Scott, W. R. P. and Marvin, D. A.}
}
@article {2182,
	title = {Synthesis, characterisation, and in vitro evaluation of Pro(2)-Ile(3)-S-deoxo-amaninamide and Pro(2)-D-allo-Ile(3)-S-deoxo-amaninamide: Implications for structure-activity relationships in amanitin conformation and toxicity},
	journal = {Chemistry-a European Journal},
	volume = {14},
	number = {11},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 291XITimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 39May, Jonathan P. Fournier, Pierre Patrick, Brian O. Perrin, David M.},
	pages = {3410-3417},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The amatoxins are a family of toxic bicyclic peptides that inhibit RNA polymerase II. Herein we discuss an improved synthesis of these compounds from easily obtainable amino acids by means of a solid-phase methodology. Interestingly, we obtained two products of the same mass following our final macrocyclisation, relating to a similar distribution of products described in some previous reports. One of these products was the desired amatoxin; Pro(2)-Ile(3)-S-deoxo-amaninamide 1b. The other compound, after thorough investigation, was confirmed to be the epimer Pro(2)-D-allo-Ile(3)-S-deoxo-amaninamide la, not an atropisomer structure as previously suggested in syntheses of related amanitin analogues. Crystallographic data of la confirms the presence of a beta II-turn, rather than a PI-turn common to the natural toxin and 1b. This difference explains the large variation in CD spectra, although it seems to have relatively little effect on the bioactivity in vitro. These data provide new insights into the bicyclic amatoxin structure.},
	keywords = {ALPHA-AMANITIN, amatoxin, atropisomerism, circular dichroism, CRYSTALLINE STATE, CYCLIZATION, CYSTEINE SULFHYDRYL-GROUPS, EPIMERIZATION, MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE, PEPTIDES, RESOLUTION, RNA-POLYMERASE-II, SERIES, TOXIN BETA-AMANITIN, transcription},
	isbn = {0947-6539},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000255230200020},
	author = {May, J. P. and Fournier, P. and Patrick, B. O. and Perrin,David M.}
}
@article {1425,
	title = {Investigation of a 2D two-point maximum entropy regularization method for signal-to-noise ratio enhancement: application to CT polymer gel dosimetry},
	journal = {Physics in Medicine and Biology},
	volume = {51},
	number = {10},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 054NQTimes Cited: 13Cited Reference Count: 32},
	month = {May},
	pages = {2599-2617},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {This study presents a new method of image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enhancement by utilizing a newly developed 2D two-point maximum entropy regularization method (TPMEM). When utilized as an image filter, it is shown that 2D TPMEM offers unsurpassed flexibility in its ability to balance the complementary requirements of image smoothness and fidelity. The technique is evaluated for use in the enhancement of x-ray computed tomography (CT) images of irradiated polymer gels used in radiation dosimetry. We utilize a range of statistical parameters (e.g. root-mean square error, correlation coefficient, error histograms, Fourier data) to characterize the performance of TPMEM applied to a series of synthetic images of varying initial SNR. These images are designed to mimic a range of dose intensity patterns that would occur in x-ray CT polymer gel radiation dosimetry. Analysis is extended to a CT image of a polymer gel dosimeter irradiated with a stereotactic radiation therapy dose distribution. Results indicate that TPMEM performs strikingly well on radiation dosimetry data, significantly enhancing the SNR of noise-corrupted images (SNR enhancement factors > 15 are possible) while minimally distorting the original image detail (as shown by the error histograms and Fourier data). It is also noted that application of this new TPMEM filter is not restricted exclusively to x-ray CT polymer gel dosimetry image data but can in future be extended to a wide range of radiation dosimetry data.},
	keywords = {ASTRONOMY, DECONVOLUTION, DOSE DISTRIBUTIONS, FT-RAMAN, IMAGE-RESTORATION, RADIATION, RESOLUTION, SPECTRA, TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY},
	isbn = {0031-9155},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000238384700016},
	author = {Jirasek, A. and Matthews, Q. and Hilts, M. and Schulze, G. and Blades, M. W. and Burner, R. F. B.}
}
@article {1484,
	title = {Molecular structure of fd (f1, M13) filamentous bacteriophage refined with respect to X-ray fibre diffraction and solid-state NMR data supports specific models of phage assembly at the bacterial membrane},
	journal = {Journal of Molecular Biology},
	volume = {355},
	number = {2},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 999EPTimes Cited: 30Cited Reference Count: 84},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {294-309},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Filamentous bacteriophage (Inovirus) is a simple and well-characterized model system. The phage particle, or virion, is about 60 A in diameter and several thousand angstrom units long. The virions are assembled at the bacterial membrane as they extrude out of the host without killing it, an example of specific transport of nucleoprotein assemblages across membranes. The Ff group (fd, f1. and M13) has been especially widely studied. Models of virion assembly have been proposed based on a molecular model of the fd virion derived by X-ray fibre diffraction. A somewhat different model of the fd virion using solid-state NMR data has been proposed, not consistent with these models of assembly nor with the X-ray diffraction data. Here we show that reinterpreted NMR data are also consistent with the model derived from X-ray fibre diffraction studies, and discuss models of virion assembly. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {ALPHA-HELICES, ALPHA-HELIX, ATOMIC REFINEMENT, fibre diffraction, filamentous bacteriophage, INOVIRUS, MAJOR COAT PROTEIN, MEMBRANE, ORIENTATIONAL RESTRAINTS, PF1 BACTERIOPHAGE, PISEMA, PROTEINS, RESOLUTION, SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA, VIRION, VIRUS},
	isbn = {0022-2836},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000234371900012},
	author = {Marvin, D. A. and Welsh, L. C. and Symmons, M. F. and Scott, W. R. P. and Straus, S. K.}
}
@article {1119,
	title = {Determining the geometry of strongly hydrogen-bonded silanols in a layered hydrous silicate by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
	volume = {122},
	number = {5},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 895RGTimes Cited: 7Cited Reference Count: 45},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {10},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {High-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy is exploited to obtain structural constraints involving strongly hydrogen-bonded silanols in octosilicate, a prominent member of the layered hydrous sodium silicates. Proton-silicon cross-polarization dynamics reveals that octosilicate contains two types of Q(3) silicons present in hydrogen-bonded -Si-O-H...O-Si- and -Si-O{\textendash}type sites which can only be distinguished by their different abilities to cross polarize and the different mobilities of neighboring hydrous species. The theoretical analysis of the oscillating components of the polarization transfer buildup curves suggests that the model of heteronuclear pairs is an adequate description of the quantum spin system within hydrogen-bonded -Si-O-H...O-Si- fragments. We also show that dipolar modulated, slow speed magic-angle Si-29 NMR spectrum provides unique geometric information on strongly hydrogen-bonded silanols. The dipolar modulated spinning sidebands contain all the information necessary to determine the internuclear Si...H distances as well as the magnitude and orientation of the principal elements of the Si-29 chemical shielding tensor in the molecular frame. The data provide definite proof of the intralayer character of strongly hydrogen-bonded silanol groups in a bridging, albeit not symmetric, position between neighboring tetrahedra. The approach developed in this work may be useful to obtain structural information on related layered alkali metal silicates, silica gels as well as on other classes of microporous materials. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics.},
	keywords = {DYNAMICS, MAGADIITE, MAS, NMR CROSS-POLARIZATION, RESOLUTION, ROTATING SOLIDS, SIDE-BAND, SPECTRA, SPECTROSCOPY, SPIN-EXCHANGE},
	isbn = {0021-9606},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000226880100042},
	author = {Gardiennet, C. and Marica, F. and Fyfe, C. A. and Tekely, P.}
}
@article {1144,
	title = {Inverse polynomial reconstruction of two dimensional Fourier images},
	journal = {Journal of Scientific Computing},
	volume = {25},
	number = {3},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 992GPTimes Cited: 10Cited Reference Count: 31},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {367-399},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The Gibbs phenomenon is intrinsic to the Fourier representation for discontinous problems. The inverse polynomial reconstruction method (IPRM) was proposed for the resolution of the Gibbs phenomenon in previous papers [Shizgal, B. D., and Jung, J.-H. (2003) and Jung, J.-H., and Shizgal, B. D. (2004)] providing spectral convergence for one dimensional global and local reconstructions. The inverse method involves the expansion of the unknown function in polynomials such that the residue between the Fourier representations of the final representation and the unknown function is orthogonal to the Fourier or polynomial spaces. The main goal of this work is to show that the one dimensional inverse method can be applied successfully to reconstruct two dimensional Fourier images. The two dimensional reconstruction is implemented globally with high accuracy when the function is analytic inside the given domain. If the function is piecewise analytic and the local reconstruction is sought, the inverse method is applied slice by slice. That is, the one dimensional inverse method is applied to remove the Gibbs oscillations in one direction and then it is applied in the other direction to remove the remaining Gibbs oscillations. It is shown that the inverse method is exact if the two-dimensional function to be reconstructed is a piecewise polynomial. The two-dimensional Shepp-Logan phantom image of the human brain is used as a preliminary study of the inverse method for two dimensional Fourier image reconstruction. The image is reconstructed with high accuracy with the inverse method},
	keywords = {Fourier approximation, Gibbs phenomenon, inverse polynomial, reconstruction method, RESOLUTION, Shepp-Logan phantom image, two-dimensional image reconstruction},
	isbn = {0885-7474},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000233872700001},
	author = {Jung, J. H. and Shizgal, B. D.}
}
@article {1301,
	title = {RS1, a discoidin domain-containing retinal cell adhesion protein associated with X-linked retinoschisis, exists as a novel disulfide-linked octamer},
	journal = {Journal of Biological Chemistry},
	volume = {280},
	number = {11},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 905HQTimes Cited: 33Cited Reference Count: 25},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {10721-10730},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {RS1, also known as retinoschisin, is an extracellular protein that plays a crucial role in the cellular organization of the retina. Mutations in RS1 are responsible for X-linked retinoschisis, a common, early-onset macular degeneration in males that results in a splitting of the inner layers of the retina and severe loss in vision. RS1 is assembled and secreted from photoreceptors and bipolar cells as a homo-oligomeric protein complex. Each subunit consists of a 157-amino acid discoidin domain flanked by two small segments of 39 and 5 amino acids. To begin to understand how the structure of RS1 relates to its role in retinal cell adhesion and X-linked retinoschisis, we have determined the subunit organization and disulfide bonding pattern of RS1 by SDS gel electrophoresis, velocity sedimentation, and mass spectrometry. Our results indicate that RS1 exists as a novel octamer in which the eight subunits are joined together by Cys(59)-Cys(223) intermolecular disulfide bonds. Subunits within the octamer are further organized into dimers mediated by Cys(40)-Cys(40) bonds. These cysteines lie just outside the discoidin domain indicating that these flanking segments primarily function in the octamerization of RS1. Within the discoidin domain, two cysteine pairs (Cys(63)-Cys(219) and Cys(110)-Cys(142)) form intramolecular disulfide bonds that are important in protein folding, and one cysteine (Cys(83)) exists in its reduced state. Because mutations that disrupt subunit assembly cause X-linked retinoschisis, the assembly of RS1 into a disulfide-linked homo-octamer appears to be critical for its function as a retinal cell adhesion protein.},
	keywords = {C2 DOMAIN, COAGULATION-FACTOR-V, CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES, EXPRESSION, FACTOR-VIII, GENE, JUVENILE RETINOSCHISIS, MUTATIONS, PHOTORECEPTOR, RESOLUTION},
	isbn = {0021-9258},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000227559600118},
	author = {Wu, W. W. H. and Wong, J. P. and Kast, J. and Molday, R. S.}
}
@article {814,
	title = {Enantioselective photochemical synthesis of a simple alkene via the solid state ionic chiral auxiliary approach},
	journal = {Journal of Organic Chemistry},
	volume = {69},
	number = {8},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 811DLTimes Cited: 7Cited Reference Count: 24},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {2711-2718},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Irradiation of cis-bicyclo[4.3.0]non-8-ylacetophenone derivatives (1) in solution and the solid state yields cis-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-indene (2) via a Norrish type II cleavage process. Asymmetric induction studies were conducted by providing the reactants with carboxylic acid substituents to which ionic chiral auxiliaries were attached through salt formation with optically pure amines. Irradiation of the salts (5 in total) in the crystalline state gave enantiomeric excesses of up to 44\%. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies were performed on ketone la as well as salts 1d and 1g, and on this basis, the structure-reactivity relationships involved are discussed.},
	keywords = {ELIMINATION, KETONES, PHOTOELIMINATION, REACTIVITY CORRELATIONS, RESOLUTION},
	isbn = {0022-3263},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000220752500008},
	author = {Chen, S. and Patrick, B. O. and Scheffer, J. R.}
}
@article {993,
	title = {Recent developments in solid-state magic-angle spinning, nuclear magnetic resonance of fully and significantly isotopically labelled peptides and proteins},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences},
	volume = {359},
	number = {1446},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 834XSTimes Cited: 7Cited Reference Count: 125},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {997-1008},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {In recent years, a large number of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques have been developed and applied to the study of fully or significantly isotopically labelled (C-13, N-15 or C-13/N-15) biomolecules. In the past few years, the first structures of C-13/N-15-labelled peptides, Gly-Ile and Met-Leu-Phe, and a protein, Src-homology 3 domain, were solved using magic-angle spinning NMR, without recourse to any structural information obtained from other methods. This progress has been made possible by the development of NMR experiments to assign solid-state spectra and experiments to extract distance and orientational information. Another key aspect to the success of solid-state NMR is the advances made in sample preparation. These improvements will be reviewed in this contribution. Future prospects for the application of solid-state NMR to interesting biological questions will also briefly be discussed.},
	keywords = {assignment strategies, CHEMICAL-SHIFT ANISOTROPIES, CROSS-POLARIZATION, DIPOLAR-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY, DISTANCE, HIGH-FIELD, magic-angle spinning, MAS NMR, MEASUREMENTS, MEMBRANE-PROTEIN, NMR-SPECTROSCOPY, peptide and protein labelling, RESOLUTION, ROTATING SOLIDS, SH3 DOMAIN, SOLID-STATE NMR, SPECTRIN, structural parameters},
	isbn = {0962-8436},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000222444800010},
	author = {Straus, S. K.}
}
@article {719,
	title = {Laser spectroscopy of VS: hyperfine and rotational structure of the C-4 Sigma(-)-X-4 Sigma(-) transition},
	journal = {Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy},
	volume = {220},
	number = {1},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 699VMTimes Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 20},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {87-106},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The (0,0) and (0, 1) bands of the C(4)Sigma(-)-X(4)Sigma(-) electronic transition of VS (near 809 and 846 nm, respectively) have been recorded at high resolution by laser-induced fluorescence, following the reaction of laser-ablated vanadium atoms with CS2 under supersonic free-jet conditions. A least squares fit to the resolved hyperfine components of the rotational lines gives the rotational constants and bond lengths as C(4)Sigma(-): B-o = 0.188898 +/- 0.000027 cm(-1), r(o) = 2.1315 Angstrom; X(4)Sigma(-): B-0 = 0.203684 +/- 0.000025 cm(-1), r(o) = 2.0526 Angstrom. The electron spin parameters for the two states show that there are some similarities between the states of VS and those of VO, but the hyperfine parameters show that the compositions of the partly filled molecular orbitals are by no means the same. The ground state Fermi contact parameter of VS, b (X(4)Sigma(-)), is only 58\% of that of the ground state of VO, which implies that the sigma orbital of the ground sigmadelta(2) electron configuration has less than 50\% vanadium 4s character. Similarly, the excited state Fermi contact parameter, b(C(4)Sigma(-)), is very much smaller than that of VO. No local rotational perturbations have been found in the C(4)Sigma(-) state of VS, though an internal hyperfine perturbation between the F-2 and F-3 electron components at low N confuses the hyperfine structure and induces some forbidden (DeltaJ = +/-2) rotational branches. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {BAND, ELECTRONIC STATES, NBO, OXIDES, PERTURBATIONS, RESOLUTION, S-STARS, SPECTRA, SYSTEM, VO},
	isbn = {0022-2852},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000184076700010},
	author = {Ran, Q. and Tam, W. S. and Cheung, A. S. C. and Merer, A. J.}
}
@article {408,
	title = {Bisphosphine ligands containing two o-N,N-dimethylanilinyl substituents at each phosphorus atom},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Chemistry-Revue Canadienne De Chimie},
	volume = {80},
	number = {11},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 623LDTimes Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 35},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {1600-1606},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The synthesis and complete characterization of the family of tetra(amine)bisphosphine ligands (o-NMe2C6H4)(2)P-(X)-P(o-NMe2C6H4)(2), where X = CH2 (dmapm), (CH2)(2) (dmape), and CH(CH2)(3)CH (dmapcp), are described. Crystal structure data are compared with known, analogous bisphosphines containing o-pyridyl or phenyl substituents in place of the o-dimethylanilinyl groups. Several short, intramolecular C-H...N distances in the anilinyl derivatives may represent the presence of weak hydrogen bonds.},
	keywords = {ACID, amine, AMPHIPHILIC DIPHOSPHINES, CATALYTIC-HYDROGENATION, CHEMISTRY, DERIVATIVES, HYDROFORMYLATION, hydrogen-bonding to N atoms, phosphine, polydentate, RESOLUTION, RHODIUM COMPLEXES, RUTHENIUM(II), WATER-SOLUBLE PHOSPHINES},
	isbn = {0008-4042},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000179703800030},
	author = {Jones, N. D. and Meessen, P. and Smith, M. B. and Losehand, U. and Rettig, S. J. and Patrick, B. O. and James, Brian R.}
}
@article {419,
	title = {The E (3)Pi-X (3)Delta transition of jet-cooled TiO observed in absorption},
	journal = {Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy},
	volume = {212},
	number = {2},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 561KZTimes Cited: 7Cited Reference Count: 43},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {133-141},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The (0,0) and (1,0) bands of the E(3)Pi-X (3)Delta transition of TiO in the near-infrared have been recorded by frequency modulated laser absorption spectroscopy in a laser ablation/free jet expansion source. The observed linewidths (FWHM) varied from 300 to 500 MHz according to the expansion conditions and are dominated by residual Doppler broadening in the unskimmed source. Data for the (0,0) band have been obtained for TiO molecules containing all the naturally occurring Ti isotopes but, for the weaker (1,0) band, only for (TiO)-Ti-48. Rotational constants for the two upper state vibrational levels were derived by fitting the data to an effective Hamiltonian; equilibrium parameters have been calculated. The experimental results are compared to the results of ab initio calculations on the E-X system. Ab initio results for the b-a system and for the lowest (3)Sigma(-) state are also presented. They indicate that the D (3)Sigma(-) state is not a very low-lying state. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).},
	keywords = {0, 0 BAND, DOUBLING PARAMETERS, electronic absorption spectroscopy, ELECTRONIC STATES, ENERGIES, FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY, laser spectroscopy, MOLECULES, RESOLUTION, ROTATIONAL ANALYSIS, TITANIUM MONOXIDE, titanium oxide, VO},
	isbn = {0022-2852},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000176140900001},
	author = {Kobayashi, K. and Hall, G. E. and Muckerman, J. T. and Sears, T. J. and Merer, A. J.}
}
@article {443,
	title = {Univalent salts as modifiers in micellar capillary electrophoresis},
	journal = {Electrophoresis},
	volume = {23},
	number = {12},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 573XDTimes Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 23},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {1912-1920},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The influence of three univalent salts (LiCl, and RbCl) on the separation of amino acids labelled with 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) in micellar capillary electrophoresis has been studied. Capacity factors for a series of eight CBQCA-labelled amino acids in a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micellar system containing different concentrations of salt were measured and were found to be related to both the hydrodynamic radius of the salt counter-ion (Li+, Na+, Rb+) and the relative hydrophobicity of the amino acid. Affinities of the analytes for the micelles were generally observed to decrease as the salt concentration in the background electrolyte was increased from 10 to 50 mM. This decrease in affinity was greatest in the presence of the salt counter-ion with the smallest hydrodynamic radius and is primarily due to an increased resistance to mass transfer. Furthermore, interaction of hydrophobic analytes with the micelles is greater than that of hydrophilic analytes at all salt concentrations due to the greater strength of the hydrophobic interactions and this effect is also enhanced in the presence of a smaller counter-ion. No negative effects due to Joule heating or electromigrative dispersion were observed for low to moderate concentrations of salt, which suggests that the use of simple univalent salts to modify analyte/micelle affinities can be a practical method for improving the separation of complex mixtures.},
	keywords = {amino acids, AMMONIUM-SALTS, COUNTER-ION, EFFICIENCY, ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY, FLUORESCENCE, micellar capillary electrophoresis, MIGRATION BEHAVIOR, modifiers, RESOLUTION, salt, SDS, SELECTIVITY, SEPARATION},
	isbn = {0173-0835},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000176857000019},
	author = {McLaren, D. G. and Boulat, O. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {4954,
	title = {Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of helical dipyrromethene-zinc complexes},
	journal = {Organic Letters},
	volume = {2},
	number = {9},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 309XRTimes Cited: 27Cited Reference Count: 16},
	month = {May},
	pages = {1315-1318},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Analysis of helical chirality within dinuclear dipyrromethene-Zn(II) complexes has been achieved with the use of H-1 NMR spectroscopy. The use of AgFOD and chiral lanthanide shift reagents gives fully resolved resonances attributable to two diastereomeric helical complexes.},
	keywords = {chirality, LIGANDS, NMR, RESOLUTION, SHIFT-REAGENTS},
	isbn = {1523-7060},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000086795200036},
	author = {Thompson, A. and Dolphin, D.}
}
@article {4873,
	title = {Zinc-bundle structure of the essential RNA polymerase subunit RPB10 from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {97},
	number = {12},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 322UATimes Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 34},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {6316-6321},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The RNA polymerase subunit RPB10 displays a high level of conservation across archaea and eukarya and is required for cell viability in yeast, Structure determination of this RNA polymerase subunit from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum reveals a topology, which we term a zinc-bundle, consisting of three cu-helices stabilized by a zinc ion. The metal ion is bound within an atypical CX2CXnCC sequence motif and serves to bridge an N-terminal loop with helix 3, This represents an example of two adjacent zinc-binding Cys residues within an alpha-helix conformation. Conserved surface features of RPB10 include discrete regions of neutral, acidic, and basic residues, the latter being located around the zinc-binding site. One or more of these regions may contribute to the role of this subunit as a scaffold protein within the polymerase holoenzyme.},
	keywords = {ABC10-BETA, ARCHAEA, COMMON SUBUNITS, DOMAIN, genomics, IN-VITRO, PROTEINS, RESOLUTION, SEQUENCE, transcription},
	isbn = {0027-8424},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000087526300018},
	author = {Mackereth, C. D. and Arrowsmith, C. H. and Edwards, A. M. and McIntosh, L. P.}
}
@article {4526,
	title = {A novel tandem quadrupole mass analyzer},
	journal = {Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry},
	volume = {10},
	number = {11},
	year = {1999},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 245ZBTimes Cited: 6Cited Reference Count: 18},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {1053-1066},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A new "tandem mass analyzer" is described. Two quadrupole mass filters are operated in series. Each is operated at low resolution and a small mass offset is introduced between the two quadrupoles so that the pair operate together to give higher resolution. The resolution of the tandem analyzer can be changed by changing the mass offset. The transmission is highest when the quadrupoles are operated as close together as possible with the poles aligned, with no intervening ion lens, and with the radio frequency (rf) voltages phase locked. A phase shift between the rf voltages applied to the quadrupoles also improves the ion transmission. Far a given resolution the tandem analyzer has transmission comparable to that of a single quadrupole. Results obtained with operation of the quadrupoles in the first, second, and third stability regions are described. Operation in the third stability region is particularly advantageous because the tandem analyzer exhibits good abundance sensitivity on the low and high mass sides under conditions where a single quadrupole produces a long peak tail on at least one side. It is also shown that scattering losses in the tandem analyzer are about half of those of a conventional quadrupole. The results suggest that it may be possible to build a low cost tandem analyzer that has relatively poor mechanical precision and yet that produces satisfactory peak shape and resolution. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 1999, 10, 1053-1066) (C) 1999 American Society for Mass Spectrometry.},
	keywords = {2ND, FILTER, INTERMEDIATE STABILITY REGIONS, RESOLUTION},
	isbn = {1044-0305},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000083137500001},
	author = {Du, Z. H. and Douglas, D. J.}
}
@article {4301,
	title = {Calcium binding by the N-terminal cellulose-binding domain from Cellulomonas fimi beta-1,4-glucanase CenC},
	journal = {Biochemistry},
	volume = {37},
	number = {37},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 125NRTimes Cited: 16Cited Reference Count: 33},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {12772-12781},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The interaction of the N-terminal cellulose-binding domain, CBDN1, from Cellulomonas fimi beta-1,4-glucanase CenC with calcium was investigated using NMR spectroscopy and calorimetry. CBDN1 binds a single calcium ion with an equilibrium association constant of approximately 10(5) M-1 at 35 degrees C and pH 6.0. Binding is exothermic (-42 +/- 2 kJ mol(-1)) under these conditions and is accompanied by a small negative change in heat capacity (Delta C-p = -0.41 +/- 0.16 kJ mol(-1) K-1). From an NMR line shape analysis, the rate constants for calcium association and dissociation were found to be (5 +/- 7) x 10(7) s(-1) M-1 and (4.5 +/- 0.6) x 10(2) s(-1), respectively. The rapid association kinetics indicate that the calcium-binding site on CBDN1 is accessible and, to the first approximation, preformed. Based on patterns of chemical shift perturbations, and structural comparisons with the Bacillus sp. 1,3-1,4-beta-glucanases, the backbone carbonyl oxygens of Thr8, Gly30, and Asp 142 and a side chain carboxyl oxygen of Asp 142 are postulated to form the calcium-binding site of CBDN1. Consistent with the calcium-independent affinity of CBDN1 for cellopentaose, this exposed site is located on the face of CBDN1 opposite to that forming the oligosaccharide-binding cleft. The midpoint denaturation temperature of CBDN1 is increased by approximately 8 degrees C at pH 6.0 in the presence of saturating amounts of calcium, confirming that metal ion binding is thermodynamically linked to native-state stability.},
	keywords = {4-GLUCANOHYDROLASE, AFFINITY, CA2+, CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE, GLUCANASES, NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE, RESOLUTION, SPECTROSCOPY, THERMODYNAMICS, THERMOSTABILITY},
	isbn = {0006-2960},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000076244100011},
	author = {Johnson, P. E. and Creagh, A. L. and Brun, E. and Joe, K. and Tomme, P. and Haynes, C. A. and McIntosh, L. P.}
}
@article {4207,
	title = {Dynamic complexation of solutes in capillary electrophoresis},
	journal = {Electrophoresis},
	volume = {19},
	number = {3},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: ZD713Times Cited: 12Cited Reference Count: 28},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {383-387},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The analyte migration behavior in any chemical separation system can be described using a single equation that unifies all areas of separation science. This equation can be used in capillary electrophoresis (CE) to design separation systems, and to study interactions between analytes and additives. By using individual capacity factors for each analyte species present in the system, and with the knowledge of the characteristics of each interaction, one can predict the analyte migration behavior in complicated CE systems, including systems with multiple 1:1 interactions and/or higher order interactions.},
	keywords = {AFFINITY, BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN, BINDING, capacity factor, CHIRAL SEPARATIONS, dynamic complexation capillary electrophoresis, ENANTIOMERS, higher order interactions, MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY, multiple equilibria, OPTIMIZATION, RESOLUTION, SELECTIVITY, separation theory, TIOCONAZOLE, ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS},
	isbn = {0173-0835},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000072716000003},
	author = {Bowser, M. T. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {4317,
	title = {The effects of a mixture of charged and neutral additives on analyte migration behavior in capillary electrophoresis},
	journal = {Electrophoresis},
	volume = {19},
	number = {3},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: ZD713Times Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 45},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {388-396},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Multicomponent additives, such as derivatized cyclodextrins with various degrees of substitution, can be considered single-component additives as long as the fraction of each component remains constant. In this paper, equations are derived describing the effect of such additives on the migration behavior of analytes. These equations are used in the study of capillary electrophoresis (CE) systems with differentially charged cyclodextrins as additives. For weakly acidic analytes, the binding with highly negatively charged sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-beta-CD) increases their negative electrophoretic mobility, while the binding with neutral hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) decreases their negative mobility. By obtaining the equilibrium constants and mobilities for each additive with each analyte (in this case, phenol, 2-naphthol and 1-naphthol), the migration behavior of these analytes in CE systems is quantitatively predicted at various concentrations of mixtures of the two additives. The properties of the contour lines in the binding isotherm surfaces of such CE systems are discussed.},
	keywords = {ANALYTE, ASPECTS, BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN, CHIRAL, ELECTROPHORESIS, MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY, MIGRATION BEHAVIOR, MOBILE PHASES, multicomponent additives, RESOLUTION, SELECTIVITY, SEPARATION, separation theory, STATIONARY PHASE, THEORETICAL, TIOCONAZOLE ENANTIOMERS, two-additive capillary, ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS},
	isbn = {0173-0835},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000072716000004},
	author = {Kranack, A. R. and Bowser, M. T. and Britz-McKibbin, P. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {4274,
	title = {New structures - new insights: Progress in structure analysis of nanoporous materials},
	journal = {Microporous and Mesoporous Materials},
	volume = {21},
	number = {4-6},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 116MWTimes Cited: 24Cited Reference Count: 33International Symposium on Zeolites and Microporous Crystals (ZMPC 97)AUG 24-27, 1997TOKYO, JAPANWaseda Univ, Kanto Dist Council Catalysis Soc Japan},
	month = {May},
	pages = {183-197},
	type = {Proceedings Paper},
	abstract = {In the recent past structure determination of microporous materials has experienced considerable developments in methodology. The FOCUS method: high resolution powder diffraction data used for direct method structure solution in combination with crystal chemistry based modelling. The models are retrieved from electron density maps calculated in direct method runs, energy minimized and checked through for realistic angles and distances values. The SUM-TF method: diffraction patterns at moderate resolution analysed with direct methods using a modified tangent formula which includes Patterson information for the structure solving. In this way the atomic resolution criterion for direct methods is bypassed. This overview gives a summary of the structures successfully solved using these new techniques. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE, kanemite, LAYER SILICATE, layer silicates, PATTERSON-FUNCTION ARGUMENTS, POWDER DIFFRACTION, POWDER DIFFRACTION DATA, REFLECTIONS, RESOLUTION, Rietveld analysis, RUB-15, RUB-18, structure solution, TANGENT FORMULA, VNI, zeolite, zeolites},
	isbn = {1387-1811},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000075730000003},
	author = {Gies, H. and Marler, B. and Vortmann, S. and Oberhagemann, U. and Bayat, P. and Krink, K. and Rius, J. and Wolf, I. and Fyfe, C.}
}
@article {4209,
	title = {Properties of multivariate binding isotherms in capillary electrophoresis},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {70},
	number = {6},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: ZC318Times Cited: 16Cited Reference Count: 30},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {1076-1084},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {When more than one complexation additive is used in capillary electrophoresis (CE), the migration behavior of an analyte can be described using contour plots and profile plots of the multivariate binding isotherms, At a certain concentration of one additive, the net electrophoretic mobility of the analyte is not affected by the concentration of the second additive, even though the second additive does alter the mobility of the analyte when used alone. The concentration of the first additive, in this situation, is defined as the dengsu concentration (dengsu means "same speed" in Chinese), The presence of a dengsu concentration for one additive is a strong indication that the second additive interacts with the analyte in a 1:1 (analyte-additive) stoichiometry, The binding isotherms in a profile plot can be used to unambiguously determine the binding stoichiometry of the analytes, as well as to determine the effect of interactions between the additives. The apparent complex mobilities obtained from the profile plots can also be used to determine whether there are interactions between the additives or whether the analyte can bind both additives at the same time.},
	keywords = {AFFINITY, BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN, CHIRAL SEPARATION, POLYETHERS, RESOLUTION, SELECTIVITY, THEORETICAL ASPECTS, TIOCONAZOLE ENANTIOMERS},
	isbn = {0003-2700},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000072565200004},
	author = {Bowser, M. T. and Kranack, A. R. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {4212,
	title = {A water-soluble tetraethylsulfonate derivative of 2-methylresorcinarene as an additive for capillary electrophoresis},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {70},
	number = {5},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: ZB216Times Cited: 12Cited Reference Count: 25},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {907-912},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A water-soluble tetraethylsulfonate derivative of 2-methylresorcinarene (TESMR), an aromatic-based, bowl-shaped macrocycle, was used as an additive in capillary electrophoresis. Several phenol derivatives are used as analytes to demonstrate the effect of this highly charged additive, TESMR is observed to interact differently with a mixture of positional isomers and other types of phenol derivatives, A comparative study of separations with two charged additives, TESMR and sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-beta-CD), provided insight into the selectivity exhibited by these additives. The influence of buffer pH, ionic strength, and organic modifier content on separation and peak shape is investigated, Peak asymmetry caused by the use of highly charged additives at lower pH is minimized by the addition of small amounts of a polar aprotic organic solvent to the run buffer. The effects of mixing a charged additive with a neutral additive are also discussed.},
	keywords = {AROMATIC CAVITY, CHROMATOGRAPHY, ELECTROKINETIC, ETHER-BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN, ISOMERS, macrocycles, RESOLUTION, RESORCINOL CYCLIC TETRAMER, SEPARATION, ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS},
	isbn = {0003-2700},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000072448400021},
	author = {Britr-McKibbin, P. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {3976,
	title = {1D and 2D solid state NMR investigations of the framework structure of As-synthesized AlPO4-14},
	journal = {Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance},
	volume = {9},
	number = {2-4},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: YU021Times Cited: 46Cited Reference Count: 21},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {97-106},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The framework structure of As-synthesized ALPO(4)-14 has been investigated with a combination of different one-dimensional Al-27 and P-31 solid State NMR techniques and Al-27/P-31 double resonance methods. The results are found to be fully consistent with the assumed structural model. Al-27 MAS and DOR experiments at three different magnetic field strengths together with simulations show the presence of two tetrahedral sites, one pentacoordinated and one octahedral aluminum site. The Al-27 quadrupolar coupling constants and the P-31 isotropic chemical shifts of the tetrahedral sites correlate well with tetrahedral shear-strain parameters and mean P-O-Al bond angles, respectively. These correlations allow one to assign all of the NMR resonances to specific T-sites in the proposed framework structure. The assignments are then further confirmed by the application of three different two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation methods (i.e., Al-27 {\textendash}> P-31 TEDOR, CP, and INEPT) which reveal the connectivities between AlOx and PO4 polyhedra. The two-dimensional INEPT experiment is applied here for the first time in the solid state. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.},
	keywords = {AL-27, Al-27 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, aluminophosphate, ANGLE, double resonance, MOLECULAR, MOLECULAR-SIEVE VPI-5, NUCLEI, P-31 NMR, P-31 nuclear magnetic, QUADRUPOLAR, RESOLUTION, resonance spectroscopy, sieve, SPIN},
	isbn = {0926-2040},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000071671900004},
	author = {Fyfe, C. A. and Altenschildesche, H. M. Z. and Wong-Moon, K. C. and Grondey, H. and Chezeau, J. M.}
}
@article {4030,
	title = {Acid-induced denaturation of myoglobin studied by time-resolved electrospray ionization mass spectrometry},
	journal = {Biochemistry},
	volume = {36},
	number = {21},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: XB321Times Cited: 74Cited Reference Count: 43},
	month = {May},
	pages = {6448-6454},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The acid-induced denaturation of holo-myoglobin (hMb) following a pH-jump from 6.5 to 3.2 has been studied by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry in combination with a continuous flow mixing technique (time-resolved ESI MS). Different protein conformations are detected by the different charge state distributions that they generate during ESI. The changes in intensity of the peaks in the mass spectrum as a function of time can be described by two exponential lifetimes of 0.38 +/- 0.06 s and 6.1 +/- 0.5 s, respectively. The acid-induced denaturation of hMb was also studied in stopped-flow experiments by monitoring changes in the Soret absorption. The lifetimes measured by this method are in good agreement with those obtained by time-resolved ESI MS. The shorter lifetime is associated with the formation of a transient intermediate which shows the mass of the intact heme-protein complex but leads to the formation of much higher charge states during ESI than native hMb at pH 6.5. This form of hMb has an absorption spectrum similar to that of the native protein, indicating a relatively unperturbed chromophore environment inside the heme binding pocket. The intermediate can thus be characterized as an unfolded form of hMb with essentially intact heme-protein interactions. The longer of the two lifetimes is associated with the formation of a product which has a blue-shifted absorption spectrum with a much lower maximum absorption coefficient than observed for native hMb. In the ESI mass spectrum, this product appears as the apoprotein with high charge states which indicates the disruption of the native heme-protein interactions and a considerable degree of unfolding compared to native apo-myoglobin. The mechanism of acid-induced denaturation of hMb, therefore, appears to follow the sequence (heme protein)(native) {\textendash}> (heme-protein)(unfolded) {\textendash}> heme + (protein)(unfolded).},
	keywords = {APOMYOGLOBIN, HEME-PROTEINS, INTERMEDIATE, IONS, LOW PH, METMYOGLOBIN, PROBING CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES, RESOLUTION, SPERM WHALE, STABILITY},
	isbn = {0006-2960},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997XB32100022},
	author = {Konermann, L. and Rosell, F. I. and Mauk, A. G. and Douglas, D. J.}
}
@article {4099,
	title = {Quantitative description of analyte migration behavior based on the dynamic complexation model in capillary electrophoresis},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Chemistry-Revue Canadienne De Chimie},
	volume = {75},
	number = {5},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: XF492Times Cited: 20Cited Reference Count: 27},
	month = {May},
	pages = {507-517},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A theory based on dynamic complexation is used to describe analyte migration behavior in capillary electrophoresis (CE). This theory is based on a one-phase system, instead of the commonly accepted two-phase system. The migration behavior of an analyte is described by three parameters (the electrophoretic mobility of the free analyte, the electrophoretic mobility of the analyte-additive complex, and the equilibrium constant (formation constant) that determines the fractions of the free analyte and the complex at a certain additive concentration). Varying the additive concentration shifts the equilibrium and changes the viscosity of the background electrolyte. Viscosity correction is crucial in interpreting the observed migration behavior of analytes. While electroosmotic flow in a capillary often varies from one capillary to another, the viscosity of a buffer is characteristic of the buffer composition and is constant for each buffer. The electrophoretic mobility of a certain species and the equilibrium constant are intrinsic properties and are less sensitive to changes in the environment. Understanding these relationships is indispensable in CE method development and method validation. A universal resolution equation is proposed, with a separation factor that has taken both the electrophoretic mobilities and equilibria into consideration. This resolution equation gives clear guidance for the optimization of CE separations. A group of nucleosides and their phosphates are used as analytes, and P-cyclodextrin is used as the additive in the model system studied in this paper. Both the observed analyte migration behavior and the resolution of analytes agree well with this theory.},
	keywords = {ACIDS, BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN, BINDING, capacity factor, CHIRAL SEPARATION, CORRECTION, dynamic complexation capillary electrophoresis, ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY, mobility, nucleoside and, nucleotide separation, RESOLUTION, resolution equation, VISCOSITY},
	isbn = {0008-4042},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997XF49200005},
	author = {Peng, X. J. and Bebault, G. M. and Sacks, S. L. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {3908,
	title = {Redefining the separation factor: A potential pathway to a unified separation science},
	journal = {Electrophoresis},
	volume = {18},
	number = {15},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: YW557Times Cited: 20Cited Reference Count: 38},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {2928-2934},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Understanding the separation process in capillary electrophoresis (CE leads to the unification of the theories for separation science; While the separation of analytes is governed by equilibria in chromatography, and by (centrifugal) field in ultracentrifugation, the separation in CE is governed by both equilibria and (electric) field. Therefore, a comprehensive separation theory that describes the separation process of analytes in CE should be able to describe the separation processes in both chromatography and ultracentrifugation. In this paper, we propose that individual capacity factors for each analyte species be used to describe the migration behavior of an analyte. The effect of field on each analyte species, as well as the effect of equilibria are considered in deriving a generalized equation that is applicable for all separation techniques. The separation factor defined at present does not directly relate to the migration rates of the analytes, and therefore can not be used in a generalized theory. We propose that the ratio of the migration rates of a pair of analytes (gamma) should be used as the separation factor, instead of the ratio of the two capacity factors. When gamma is used to describe the separation of two closely migrating analytes, all separation techniques have the same resolution equation.},
	keywords = {BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN, capacity factor, capillary electrophoresis, CHROMATOGRAPHY, ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY, ELECTROPHORETIC CHIRAL SEPARATIONS, ENANTIOMERS, LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY, PARAMETERS, RESOLUTION, SELECTIVITY, separation factor, TIOCONAZOLE, ULTRACENTRIFUGATION, ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS},
	isbn = {0173-0835},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000071948300033},
	author = {Bowser, M. T. and Bebault, G. M. and Peng, X. J. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {4012,
	title = {Synthesis of chiral amines catalyzed homogeneously by metal complexes},
	journal = {Catalysis Today},
	volume = {37},
	number = {2},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: XQ681Times Cited: 86Cited Reference Count: 73},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {209-221},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {This review describes developments in catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral imines. The homogeneous systems were initially dominated by ones based on Rh complexes containing chiral, chelating diphosphine ligands, although related Ru-and Ir-based systems are becoming more prominent; a very recent, extremely effective hydrogen transfer system (from formic acid), based on Ru catalysts containing chiral 1,2-diamine ligands, is especially significant. A fundamentally different type involving an early transition-metal catalyst (a chiral titanocene) has been reported. Enantiomeric excess (e.e.) values in the range of 90-100\% have now been achieved with certain substrates. Emphasis is given to some Rh and Ru catalysts developed in the Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia (UBC). Factors discussed include: dependence of conversions, rates and e.e. values on substrate and catalyst type; kinetic dependences; and mechanistic insights, especially possible roles of intermediate metal-hydride and -imine species.},
	keywords = {ASYMMETRIC REDUCTIVE AMINATION, DIASTEREOSELECTIVE, HIGHLY ENANTIOSELECTIVE HYDROGENATION, HYDROGENATION, IMINE HYDROGENATION, KINETIC, PHOSPHINE COMPLEXES, RESOLUTION, rhodium, RUTHENIUM(II) COMPLEXES, SYSTEMS, TITANOCENE CATALYST},
	isbn = {0920-5861},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997XQ68100009},
	author = {James, Brian R.}
}
@article {3551,
	title = {STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE EPSILON-SUBUNIT OF THE ESCHERICHIA-COLI ATP SYNTHASE DETERMINED BY NMR-SPECTROSCOPY},
	journal = {Nature Structural Biology},
	volume = {2},
	number = {11},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: TD554Times Cited: 128Cited Reference Count: 43},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {961-967},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The tertiary fold of the epsilon subunit of the Escherichia coli F1F0 ATPsynthase (ECF(1)F(0)) has been determined by two- and three-dimensional heteronuclear (C-13, N-15) NMR spectroscopy. The epsilon subunit exhibits a distinct two domain structure, with the N-terminal 84 residues of the protein forming a 10-stranded beta-structure, and with the C-terminal 48 amino acids arranged as two alpha-helices running antiparallel to one another (two helix hairpin). The beta-domain folds as a beta-sandwich with a hydrophobic interior between the two layers of the sandwich. The C-terminal two-helix hairpin folds back to the N-terminal domain and interacts with one side of the beta-domain. The arrangement of the epsilon subunit in the intact F1F0 ATP synthase involves interaction of the two helix hairpin with the F-1 part, and binding of the open side of the beta-sandwich to the c subunits of the membrane-embedded F-0 part.},
	keywords = {AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE, CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY, EXPRESSION, F1, H+-ATPASE, NUCLEOTIDE, PROTEINS, PROTON, RESOLUTION, TRANSLOCATING ADENOSINE-TRIPHOSPHATASE},
	isbn = {1072-8368},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995TD55400013},
	author = {Wilkens, S. and Dahlquist, F. W. and McIntosh, L. P. and Donaldson, L. W. and Capaldi, R. A.}
}
@article {3060,
	title = {DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF ANALOGS OF IONOMYCIN},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Chemistry-Revue Canadienne De Chimie},
	volume = {72},
	number = {6},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: NV309Times Cited: 7Cited Reference Count: 34},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {1500-1511},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Based on the analysis of the crystal structure of the Ca2+ salt of ionomycin and the chemical and physical data on ionomycin, a number of ionomycin analogues have been synthesized to study the structural features affecting the Ca2+ binding and transport. Compounds 2, 3, and 4 were synthesized to study the effect of additional intramolecular oxygen coordination sites on Ca2+ transport. Compounds 5a-5d were prepared to study the effect of lipid solubility on Ca2+ binding and transport. Compounds 6a-6c were prepared to study the effect of the distance between the P-diketone and the carboxyl group on Ca2+ transport. A general synthetic route to these compounds has been developed. The key reactions in this route are the consecutive regioselective alkylations of the dianion of 2,4-pentanedione with the appropriate bromides.},
	keywords = {ACID, HOST-GUEST COMPLEXATION, IONOPHORE, RESOLUTION},
	isbn = {0008-4042},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994NV30900010},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and Weiler, L.}
}
@article {3038,
	title = {NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE IMAGING AS A PROBE OF THE FREEZING-THAWING PHENOMENA OF LIQUIDS IN HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEMS},
	journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry},
	volume = {32},
	number = {5},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: NK844Times Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 18},
	month = {May},
	pages = {276-283},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {NMR microscopic imaging is shown to be an excellent probe of the freezing and thawing phenomena of liquids in heterogeneous chemical systems, and, in addition, is capable of monitoring the freezing-thawing of mixed solvent systems. In the model mixed solvent system Me(2)SO-water, the chemical shift specific slice selective (C4S) imaging technique is used to obtain the spatial distributions of the concentrations and mobilities of the two individual solvents in test samples. Measurements of relaxation parameters make it possible to choose values of imaging parameters TE and TR to ensure quantitative reliability of the images. Images of test samples generated at various temperatures demonstrate the qualitative relationship between image intensity and the Me(2)SO-water phase diagram. This series of experiments verifies that NMR microscopic imaging will be a powerful tool for the study of liquids within solid matrices, and in particular of cryoprotectant solvents in biological systems.},
	keywords = {CRYOPROTECTANT, DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE, FREEZING, NMR, NMR imaging, RESOLUTION},
	isbn = {0749-1581},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994NK84400003},
	author = {Fyfe, C. A. and Isbell, S. A. and Burlinson, N. E.}
}
@article {2807,
	title = {SOLID-STATE DOUBLE-RESONANCE NMR EXPERIMENTS INVOLVING QUADRUPOLAR AND SPIN 1/2 NUCLEI},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry},
	volume = {97},
	number = {51},
	year = {1993},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: MP905Times Cited: 101Cited Reference Count: 58},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {13484-13495},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {In this work we describe coherence-transfer and dipolar-dephasing double-resonance NMR experiments that demonstrate spatial proximity of quadrupolar and spin 1/2 nuclei (other than protons) in solids. These experiments exploit heteronuclear dipolar couplings, whose magnitudes are proportional to the inverse third power of the internuclear distance and are therefore extremely sensitive to the separation of the coupled spins. Coherence transfer through cross-polarization is observed in both directions between Al-27 (I = 5/2) and P-31 (I = 1/2) nuclei in the inorganic aluminophosphate framework systems VPI-5 and AlPO4-8, and an experimental investigation of the parameters controlling the efficiency of the transfer is presented. Dipolar-dephasing difference experiments, rotational-echo double-resonance (REDOR), and transferred-echo double-resonance (TEDOR) experiments under magic-angle spinning conditions are also demonstrated. Two-dimensional extensions of the cross-polarization and TEDOR experiments reveal the dipolar couplings between specific pairs of Al-27 and P-31 nuclei in two-dimensional correlation spectra, directly mapping connectivities from distinct sites with resolved NMR resonances.},
	keywords = {CROSS-POLARIZATION NMR, DOUBLE-ROTOR, MAGIC ANGLE, MAGNETIC-RESONANCE, MAS-NMR, MOLECULAR-SIEVE VPI-5, RESOLUTION, ROTATING SOLIDS, SPECTRA, SPECTROSCOPY},
	isbn = {0022-3654},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1993MP90500012},
	author = {Fyfe, C. A. and Mueller, K. T. and Grondey, H. and Wongmoon, K. C.}
}
@article {7369,
	title = {SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DERIVATIZED CAPPED PORPHYRINS},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Chemistry-Revue Canadienne De Chimie},
	volume = {70},
	number = {5},
	year = {1992},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: JL870Times Cited: 4Cited Reference Count: 31},
	month = {May},
	pages = {1366-1374},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {{The syntheses of porphyrins carrying either a fully hydrophobic cavity with a benzene moiety (32a,b) or a polar cavity with an amidobenzene (32c-d) are described. Terephthaldehyde (1) was converted to benzene-bisalkanoic acids (8, 10) and nitrobenzene-bisalkanoic acids (13 and 16) by using standard methods. The corresponding diacid chlorides 17a-d were used to acylate two equivalents of a beta-unsubstituted pyrrole, and the ketonic groups were reduced by diborane. Following the transformation of the nitro function to the acetamide, appropriate modifications of the ethyl ester functions afforded the key bisformylpyrroles 25a-d. The cyanoacrylate-protected formyl pyrrole derivatives were mono-chlorinated at the alpha-methyl groups and condensed with two equivalents of an alpha-unsubstitutued pyrrole to give the dipyrromethane dimers. Strong aqueous alkali caused saponification of the two ester groups and deprotection of the formyl functions to produce the dipyrromethane dimer 30, which, after thermal decarboxylation, was cyclized intramolecularly in acidic medium to give the porphyrins 32 (n = 4 or 5},
	keywords = {BINDING, CO, HUMAN OXYHEMOGLOBIN, IRON(II), O-2, RESOLUTION, STEREOCHEMISTRY},
	isbn = {0008-4042},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1992JL87000017},
	author = {Tang, H. and Wijesekera, T. P. and Dolphin, D.}
}
