@article {596,
	title = {Correlation of photosensitizer delivery to lipoproteins and efficacy in tumor and arthritis mouse models; comparison of lipid-based and Pluronic P123 formulations},
	journal = {Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences},
	volume = {6},
	number = {2},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 729PJTimes Cited: 21Cited Reference Count: 16},
	month = {May-Aug},
	pages = {198-204},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The purpose of this study was the use of animal models to demonstrate the importance of drug delivery (verteporfin) to plasma lipopropteins in order to attain efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in vivo. METHODS. Photosensitzers appropriately formulated in various vehicles such as pluronics and lipid-based systems were compared to delivery of the drug in DMSO in two in vivo systems. The first was a tumor model using male DBA/2 mice inoculated intradermally with M1 rhabdomyosarcoma cells and in the second, arthritis in the MRL-lpr mouse strain was enhanced by two intradermal injections of complete Freunds adjunct. RESULTS. Those formulations in which the drug was in a monomeric form were better able to transfer drug to lipoproteins, which in turn led to superior PDT in vivo. CONCLUSIONS. The ability to introduce drug in monomeric form into the circulation correlates well with efficacy of photosensitizer formulations in mouse arthritis and tumor models.},
	keywords = {AGGREGATION, PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS, SURFACTANTS},
	isbn = {1482-1826},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000185782200003},
	author = {Chowdhary, R. K. and Sharif, I. and Chansarkar, N. and Dolphin, D. and Ratkay, L. and Delaney, S. and Meadows, H.}
}
@article {595,
	title = {Formulation of benzoporphyrin derivatives in pluronics},
	journal = {Photochemistry and Photobiology},
	volume = {77},
	number = {3},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 656FVTimes Cited: 10Cited Reference Count: 9},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {299-303},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {This study investigates the potential of Pluronics for the formulation of tetrapyrrole-based photosensitizers, with a particular focus on B-ring benzoporphyrin derivatives. The B-ring derivatives have a high tendency to aggregate in aqueous solutions, and this poses a significant formulation problem. Pluronics are ABA-type triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic polypropylene oxide section with two hydrophilic polyethylene oxide sections of equal length at either end. Out of a range of different commercially available block copolymers studied, it was found that the longer the hydrophobic block, the better the stabilization of tetrapyrrolic drugs in monomeric form in aqueous suspensions. Of these the best performance was observed in the micelle-forming Pluronic P123. Micelle size determination by laser light scattering confirmed that particle size in stable Pluronic formulations was around 20 nm. Pluronics such as L122 formed emulsions spontaneously without the need for emulsion stabilizers; emulsions were highly stable at ambient temperatures over several days and also highly effective as potential drug delivery agents.},
	keywords = {AGGREGATION, AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS, SURFACTANTS, THERMODYNAMICS},
	isbn = {0031-8655},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000181598800010},
	author = {Chowdhary, R. K. and Chansarkar, N. and Sharif, I. and Hioka, N. and Dolphin, D.}
}
@article {399,
	title = {Studies of a benzoporphyrin derivative with Pluronics},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Chemistry-Revue Canadienne De Chimie},
	volume = {80},
	number = {10},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 623LCTimes Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 22},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {1321-1326},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The synthetic route for the benzoporphyrin derivatives produces two regioisomers in equimolar quantities (ring A and B isomers). A derivative of the A-ring product, BPD-MA (benzoporphyrin-derivative monoacid ring A, verteporfin), has recently been approved in North America and Europe for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. The B-ring isomers, contrary to the A-ring isomers, exhibit high aggregation in many formulations, which results in inadequate drug delivery for clinical uses. To avoid aggregation, a non-ionic surfactant polymer such as a Pluronic - poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) - may be used as a formulation excipient. The triblock polymer investigated here is designated P123 (or poloxamer 403). When used to formulate a monoacid benzoporphyrin B-ring derivative (2), a critical micelle concentration of P123 in water occurred at approximately 0.015 to 0.03\%. The apparent pK(a) of compound 2 was dependent on its concentration in P123, and decreased as the molar ratio (P123:2) increased. High concentrations of P123 and neutral pH were found to be the best conditions to maintain the drug in its monomeric form. Kinetic studies suggest that the aggregate of 2 contains several molecules, and is formed by a catalyzed self-assembly process. Samples with 1 mg mL(-1) of drug, at pH = 7.4, and 4.8\% of Pluronic showed satisfactory capacity to load and keep monomers stable. This formulation has potential PDT applications.},
	keywords = {AGGREGATION, AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS, block copolymers, BPD, COPOLYMERS, DYNAMICS, formulation, micelles, PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY, photodynamic therapy (PDT), PHOTOSENSITIZERS, photosensitizing drug, Pluronic, poloxamers, porphyrins, SURFACTANTS, THERMODYNAMICS},
	isbn = {0008-4042},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000179703700007},
	author = {Hioka, N. and Chowdhary, R. K. and Chansarkar, N. and Delmarre, D. and Sternberg, E. and Dolphin, D.}
}
@article {4747,
	title = {A proton nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation study of C12E6/D2O},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry B},
	volume = {104},
	number = {37},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 355JYTimes Cited: 8Cited Reference Count: 25},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {8782-8791},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Aqueous solutions of the nonionic surfactant, n-dodecylhexaoxyethylene glycol [C12H25(OCH2CH2)(6)OH], termed C12E6, form various phases at room temperature: there is a micellar phase at high water content, hexagonal, cubic, and lamellar mesophases at intermediate water contents, and an isotropic phase at very low water content. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T-1(-1) relaxation rates have been measured for the C12E6/D2O system as a function of composition, spectral frequency, and temperature. The results are interpreted in terms of the possible molecular motions for the C12E6 molecule in the different phases. A review of relaxation theory is presented with special attention to molecular exchange between sites that are associated with different relaxation rates.},
	keywords = {CHAIN, CYCLING, LYOTROPIC LIQUID-CRYSTAL, NMR-RELAXOMETRY, PHASES, POTASSIUM PALMITATE, REPTATION, SPIN-LATTICE RELAXATION, SURFACTANTS, SYSTEM, WATER},
	isbn = {1089-5647},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000089383600004},
	author = {Burnell, E. E. and Capitani, D. and Casieri, C. and Segre, A. L.}
}
@article {4208,
	title = {Analyte-additive interactions in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis: a critical review},
	journal = {Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {17},
	number = {7},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 107HPTimes Cited: 54Cited Reference Count: 40},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {424-434},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {This article reviews the recent developments in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis and discusses the effect of the solvent on analyte-additive interactions. When nonaqueous solvents are used, solvophobic interactions are generally weaker than those in water; therefore, those additives that can change the analyte mobility through electrostatic or donor-acceptor interactions should be further explored. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {ANIONS, CHIRAL SEPARATION, cohesion energy, density, dielectric constant, electron donor-acceptor interaction, FORMAMIDE, ION, MEDIA, nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis, SEPARATION SELECTIVITY, solvent effect, SOLVENTS, SURFACTANTS, WATER, ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS},
	isbn = {0165-9936},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000075202300022},
	author = {Bowser, M. T. and Kranack, A. R. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {3329,
	title = {STRUCTURE ORGANIZATION OF ALUMINOSILICATE POLYANIONS WITH SURFACTANTS - OPTIMIZATION OF AL INCORPORATION IN ALUMINOSILICATE MESOSTRUCTURAL MATERIALS},
	journal = {Angewandte Chemie-International Edition},
	volume = {34},
	number = {13-14},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: RN127Times Cited: 29Cited Reference Count: 26},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {1499-1502},
	type = {Article},
	keywords = {ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS, CRYSTALLINE TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM-ALUMINOSILICATES, MESOPHASES, MICROPOROSITY, SILICON COMPOUNDS, SURFACTANTS, TEMPLATES},
	isbn = {0570-0833},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995RN12700033},
	author = {Fu, G. Y. and Fyfe, C. A. and Schwieger, W. and Kokotailo, G. T.}
}
