@inbook {2380,
	title = {Compact Collision Kernels for Hard Sphere and Coulomb Cross Sections; Fokker-Planck Coefficients},
	booktitle = {Rarefied Gas Dynamics},
	series = {Aip Conference Proceedings},
	volume = {1084},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: BJF97Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 26Chang, Yongbin Shizgal, Bernie D.Proceedings Paper26th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynmaics (RGD26)JUN 20-JUL 25, 2008Kyoto, JAPANJapan Soc Promot Sci, Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy, Soc Promot Space Sci, Iwantani Naoji Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Casio Sci Promot Fdn, Kaijma Fdn, IHI Corp, IHI Aerospac Engn Co Ltd, Osaka Vaccuun Ltd, Nissin Inc2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA},
	pages = {140-145},
	publisher = {Amer Inst Physics},
	organization = {Amer Inst Physics},
	address = {Melville},
	abstract = {A compact collision kernel is derived for both hard sphere and Coulomb cross sections. The difference between hard sphere interaction and Coulomb interaction is characterized by a parameter eta. With this compact collision kernel, the calculation of Fokker-Planck coefficients can be done for both the Coulomb and hard sphere interactions. The results for arbitrary order Fokker-Planck coefficients are greatly simplified. An alternate form for the Coulomb logarithm is derived with concern to the temperature relaxation in a binary plasma.},
	keywords = {Boltzmann collision term, collision frequency, cross, cut-off, EIGENVALUES, Fokker-Planck coefficients, GAS, Kernel, relaxation, SCATTERING, section, temperature relaxation},
	isbn = {0094-243X978-0-7354-0615-5},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000265564800022},
	author = {Chang, Y. B. and Shizgal, B. D.},
	editor = {Abe, T.}
}
@inbook {2381,
	title = {Pseudospectral Solution of the Boltzmann Equation: Quantum Cross Sections},
	booktitle = {Rarefied Gas Dynamics},
	series = {Aip Conference Proceedings},
	volume = {1084},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: BJF97Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 18Chang, Yongbin Shizgal, Bernie D.Proceedings Paper26th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynmaics (RGD26)JUN 20-JUL 25, 2008Kyoto, JAPANJapan Soc Promot Sci, Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy, Soc Promot Space Sci, Iwantani Naoji Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Casio Sci Promot Fdn, Kaijma Fdn, IHI Corp, IHI Aerospac Engn Co Ltd, Osaka Vaccuun Ltd, Nissin Inc2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA},
	pages = {421-426},
	publisher = {Amer Inst Physics},
	organization = {Amer Inst Physics},
	address = {Melville},
	abstract = {The relaxation of it nonequilibrium test particle population of mass m(1) in contact with a background gas of particles of mass m(2) at temperature T-b is studied with the spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation. A pseudospectral method of solution is employed which is based on the discretization of the distribution function at a nonuniform grid that coincides with a quadrature. In order to implement this approach, the integral collision operator of the Boltzmann equation is expressed explicitly in terms of a kernel which is also discretized. This procedure fails if the classical differential collision cross section is used as it diverges for small scattering angles and the kernel is no longer well defined. In the present paper, we choose the interaction potential between the test particles and the background particles to be the Maxwell molecule interaction, that is, V (r) = V-o(d/r)(4) for which the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are well known. We employ the quantum mechanical differential cross section for this potential, which is finite at zero scattering angle and we apply a pseudospectral approach based on speed polynomials. We compare the well known results for the eigenvalue spectrum of the Boltzmann collision operator for the classical differential cross section with the new results with the quantum differential cross section and the basis set defined by the speed polynomials. The relaxation to equilibrium of initial nonequilibrium distribution functions is studied with both methods.},
	keywords = {Boltzmann equation, DISTRIBUTIONS, DYNAMICS, GASES, Maxwell molecules, pseudospectral method, quantum cross section, relaxation, VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION},
	isbn = {0094-243X978-0-7354-0615-5},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000265564800068},
	author = {Chang, Y. B. and Shizgal, B. D.},
	editor = {Abe, T.}
}
@article {1191,
	title = {Ansatz for the evaluation of the relativistic contributions to core ionization energies in complex molecules involving heavy atoms},
	journal = {International Journal of Quantum Chemistry},
	volume = {104},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 948JFTimes Cited: 4Cited Reference Count: 468th European Workshop on Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics (QSCP 8)AUG 30-SEP 04, 2003Spetses Isl, GREECE},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {397-410},
	type = {Proceedings Paper},
	abstract = {On the basis of numerical, ab initio Delta DF and Delta HF computations of 1s-core, 2s-core, and 2p-core ionization energies of atoms, from Li through Xe, an allometric empirical formula that was proposed for evaluating relativistic corrections (including QED effects) to nonrelativistic values is assessed for homogeneous sets of elements in the periodic table. The two coefficients involved in this formula are precisely determined for 1s-core ionization in the sets of atoms Be-Ne, Mg-Ar, Zn-Kr, and Cd-Xe; 2s-core ionization in the sets of atoms Mg-Ar, Zn-Kr, and Cd-Xe; and 2p-core ionization in the set Mg-Ar. It is shown that the medium relative error on the results obtained using this formula, with respect to those directly computed, decreases from a few percent to a few hundredths of 1\% when the depth of the ionized level increases. This formula could be used to include relativistic (and QED) corrections to results yielded by simpler, nonrelativistic calculations on complex molecules involving heavy atoms. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
	keywords = {1S, 2p core ionizations, 2S, allometric fits, and QED, contributions, DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATION, ELECTRON BINDING-ENERGIES, HOLE STATES, relativistic, relaxation, SPECTRA, spin-orbit},
	isbn = {0020-7608},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000230711300003},
	author = {Maruani, J. and Kuleff, A. I. and Chong, D. P. and Bonnelle, C.}
}
@article {984,
	title = {Coulomb collisional processes in space plasmas; relaxation of suprathermal particle distributions},
	journal = {Planetary and Space Science},
	volume = {52},
	number = {10},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 858UKTimes Cited: 4Cited Reference Count: 38},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {923-933},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Nonequilibrium distributions of space plasmas are often characterized by extended high-energy tails. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the relaxation of such isotropic nonequilibrium plasmas. We consider an energetic charged species dilutely dispersed in a fully ionized plasma, which acts as a heat bath at equilibrium. The minor constituent is referred to as a "test particle" and collisions between test particles are not included. We study the approach to equilibrium with a finite difference method of solution of the Fokker-Planck equation appropriate for collisions between charged particles. The solution of the Fokker-Planck equation is also presented formally as an expansion in the eigenfunctions of the Fokker-Planck operator. The main objective of the paper is the calculation of the energy-dependent relaxation times of the distribution function. A strong energy dependence for these relaxation times is anticipated since, for Coulomb collisions, the Rutherford cross-section varies with relative speed g as g(-4). Analogous results for neutral species are presented for comparison in the following paper. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {ELECTRON VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION, equations, GAS, H+, KINETIC-MODEL, NUMERICAL-METHODS, POLAR WIND, relaxation, SOLAR-WIND, TEMPERATURE, TRANSITION},
	isbn = {0032-0633},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000224217300004},
	author = {Shizgal, B. D.}
}
@article {860,
	title = {Muonium formation as a probe of radiation chemistry in sub- and supercritical carbon dioxide},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry A},
	volume = {108},
	number = {52},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 882FPTimes Cited: 5Cited Reference Count: 97},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {11613-11625},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Muonium (Mu = mu(+)e(-)), which can be considered a light isotope of the H atom, has been observed for the first time in supercritical CO2 (ScCo2). It is Unreactive on a time scale of a few microseconds and over a wide density range from well below to well above the CO2 critical density rho(c) = 0.47 g/cm(3). The fraction of muon polarization in muonium, P-Mu, does not vary significantly at low densities but changes quickly at the highest densities, approaching zero. This density dependence is reflected in a concomitant increase observed in the lost fraction of polarization, P-L, demonstrating that the dynamics of Mu formation and depolarization in ScCO2 is a direct probe of radiolysis effects in the terminal muon radiation track. In marked contrast to previous studies in hydrogen-containing solvents, C2H6 and H2O, over comparable density ranges, the diamagnetic fraction, P-D, was found to be almost independent of density in CO2, attributed to the formation of the stable solvated MuCO(2)(+) molecular ion in this hydrogen-free solvent. The differing density dependences of both the Mu and the diamagnetic fraction in Co-2, in comparison with the rather similar trends seen for both in C2H6 and H2O, supports previous claims of a significant role played by proton (muon) transfer reactions in the competing processes involved in Mu formation in hydrogen-containing solvents. In addition to this being the first report of radiolysis effects accompanying energetic positive muons stopping in ScCO2, it is the only report of end of track effects in this solvent, which has many applications in nuclear waste management and green chemistry. With a mass intermediate between that of the electron, which has provided most radiation-chemistry studies in ScCO2 to date, and the proton (or alpha-particle), implanted muons provide a unique data set, characteristic of higher LET radiation, that may be relevant to radiolysis effects induced in ScCO2 by alpha decay from heavy nuclei, for which there are no comparable studies.},
	keywords = {AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS, CROSS-SECTIONS, EXCESS ELECTRON-TRANSPORT, GAS-PHASE, LIQUID WATER, MAGNETIC-RESONANCE, ORGANIC FREE-RADICALS, PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE, relaxation, SOLVENT ANIONS, SPIN},
	isbn = {1089-5639},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000225924800018},
	author = {Ghandi, K. and Bridges, M. D. and Arseneau, D. J. and Fleming, Donald G.}
}
@article {567,
	title = {Observation of muonium in zeolites},
	journal = {Physica B-Condensed Matter},
	volume = {326},
	number = {1-4},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 643VHTimes Cited: 4Cited Reference Count: 129th International Conference on Munon Spin Rotation, Relaxation and Resonance (MuSR)JUN 03-07, 2002WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {64-67},
	type = {Proceedings Paper},
	abstract = {Muonium has been directly detected over a range of temperatures and fields by transverse field muSR in different zeolites: 3A, 13X, USY, ZSM-5, and S-115 (a high-silica form of ZSM-5), as well as in silica gel. The polarizations determined from data at 75 and 150 G were independent of both field and temperature. The amounts of Mu seen vary from similar to20\% to 40\%, with a large missing fraction seen in every case, which may be partly due to slow Mu formation. There is also a fast Mu relaxation rate seen in all samples. This is the first direct observation of Mu in zeolites. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {CYCLOHEXADIENYL RADICALS, muonium, polarization, relaxation, zeolite},
	isbn = {0921-4526},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000180881600014},
	author = {Arseneau, D. J. and Fleming, Donald G. and Fyfe, C. A. and Senba, M.}
}
@article {4897,
	title = {Measurements of Mu+NO termolecular kinetics up to 520 bar: isotope effects and the Troe theory},
	journal = {Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics},
	volume = {2},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 281JDTimes Cited: 3Cited Reference Count: 58},
	pages = {621-629},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The recombination reaction Mu + NO + MMuNO + M (M = He, N-2, CH4) has been studied by the muon spin relaxation/rotation (mu SR) technique up to 520 bar at room temperature. The reaction remains in the low pressure regime throughout. The measured termolecular addition rate constant in N-2, 8.8 +/- 0.3 x 10(-33) cm(6) s(-1), is essentially the same as that found in our earlier study at pressures below 60 bar [J. J. Pan et al., J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 17160]. It is somewhat smaller in He, 7.7 +/- 1.0 x 10(-33), but larger in CH4, 12.8 +/- 2.0 x 10(-33). The Mu + NO reaction is about five times slower than the corresponding H + NO reaction. The strong collision limits of the rate constants for three H-isotopes (Mu, H, D) reacting with NO have been estimated with Troe{\textquoteright}s formalism for unimolecular dissociation in the low pressure regime, based on the ab initio potential energy surface of Guadagnini et al. [J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 102, 774]. The Troe calculations give less than satisfactory agreement with experiment with the corresponding weak collision factor, beta(c), higher than expected by a factor of similar to 2 for H + NO. The calculated kinetic isotope effect in the strong collision limit for Mu/H is weaker than the measured effect by a factor of two giving an apparent large isotope effect in this factor, beta(c)(Mu) approximate to 1/2,beta(o)(H), possibly due to mode specific collisional stabilization.},
	keywords = {COLLISIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER, DISSOCIATION, ELECTRON-SPIN EXCHANGE, GAS-PHASE, HIGH-PRESSURES, HNO, muonium, RATE CONSTANTS, relaxation, THERMAL UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS},
	isbn = {1463-9076},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000085154400025},
	author = {Pan, J. J. and Arseneau, D. J. and Senba, M. and Fleming, Donald G. and Himmer, U. and Suzuki, Y.}
}
@article {4723,
	title = {The rate constant for Mu+O-2 addition in competition with rapid spin exchange},
	journal = {Physica B-Condensed Matter},
	volume = {289},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 330GBTimes Cited: 3Cited Reference Count: 158th International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation and ResonanceAUG 30-SEP 03, 1999LES DIABLERETS, SWITZERLANDEuropean Phys Soc, Paul Scherrer Inst, Eidgenoss Tech Hochschule, Univ Zurich, European Sci Fdn, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Neue Aargauer Bank, Sauerstoffwerk Lenzburg AG, Hamamatsu Photon, EG \& G Berthold GmbH \& Co KG, Prophysik AG, Kroger \& Co, Wenger SA, Alcatel Hochvakuum Tech GmbH, Sunrise AG, Dramer AG, Automobil \& Motoren AG},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {503-506},
	type = {Proceedings Paper},
	abstract = {The rate of the addition reaction H + O-2 {\textendash}> HO2, is measured at high O-2 concentrations (up to 40 bar of O-2 at room temperature) through its competition with rapid spin exchange, to give k(ch)(0) = 8.7 +/- 0.8 x 10(-3)3 cm(6)s(-1) ch (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {ELECTRON-SPIN EXCHANGE, GAS-PHASE, muonium, muonium oxygen recombination kinetics spin exchange, radicals, relaxation},
	isbn = {0921-4526},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000087953500130},
	author = {Arseneau, D. J. and Senba, M. and Pan, J. J. and Fleming, Donald G.}
}
@article {4969,
	title = {Vasodilator effects of organotransition-metal nitrosyl complexes, novel nitric oxide donors},
	journal = {Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology},
	volume = {35},
	number = {1},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 270ABTimes Cited: 26Cited Reference Count: 14},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {73-77},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Nitrovasodilators cause endothelium-independent relaxation of blood vessels by generating nitric oxide (NO). We examined the relaxation and depressor effects of two organotransition-metal nitrosyl complexes, CpCr(NO)(2)Cl and CpMo(NO)(2)Cl, relative to those of the prototypal nitrovasodilators, nitroglycerin, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), in phenylephrine-preconstricted aortic rings and conscious, unrestrained rats. CpCr(NO)(2)Cl, CpMo(NO)(2)Cl, nitroglycerin and SNP caused dose-dependent relaxation of aortic rings at maximal responses (E-max) of -118 +/- 4, -113 +/- 4, -104 +/- 1, and -128 +/- 5\% and EC50 of 0.14 +/- 0.04, 22 +/- 4, 1.23 +/- 0.65, and 0.063 +/- 0.013 mu M, respectively. The dose-response curve of CpCr(NO)(2)Cl was displaced to the right by hemoglobin, as well as methylene blue, showing involvement of the NO/cGMP pathway. Unlike nitroglycerin, preexposure for 1 h to CpCr(NO)(2)Cl did not alter subsequent relaxation response to the compound, Intravenous bolus injections of CpCr(NO)(2)Cl, CpMo(NO)(2)Cl, nitroglycerin, and SNP caused dose-dependent decreases in MAP with E-max of -42 +/- 2, -51 +/- 8, -56 +/- 6, and -58 +/- 2 mm Hg and EC50 of 0.041 +/- 0.010, 13 +/- 4, 1.6 +/- 0.4, and 0.037 +/- 0.004 mu mol/kg, respectively. These results show that CpCr(NO)(2)Cl and CpMo(NO)(2)Cl are efficacious nitrovasodilators in vitro and in vivo.},
	keywords = {BLOOD, cyanide, ISOLATED TAIL ARTERY, metal-nitrosyl complexes, nitric oxide, nitroglycerin, nitrovasodilator, pressure, RAT AORTA, relaxation, RELEASE, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), SODIUM-NITROPRUSSIDE},
	isbn = {0160-2446},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000084512200009},
	author = {Wang, Y. X. and Legzdins,Peter and Poon, J. S. and Pang, C. C. Y.}
}
@article {4235,
	title = {Characterization of a buried neutral histidine in Bacillus circulans xylanase: Internal dynamics and interaction with a bound water molecule},
	journal = {Biochemistry},
	volume = {37},
	number = {7},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: YZ886Times Cited: 13Cited Reference Count: 59},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {1810-1818},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize the dynamic behavior of His149 in Bacillus circulans xylanase (BCX) and its interaction with an internal water molecule. Rate constants for the specific acid-and base-catalyzed exchange following bimolecular kinetics (EX2) of the nitrogen-bonded H-epsilon 2 of this buried, neutral histidine were determined, At pD(min) 7.0 and 30 degrees C, the lifetime for this proton is 9.9 h, corresponding to a protection factor of similar to 10(7) relative to that predicted for an exposed histidine, The apparent activation energies measured for specific acid and base catalysis (7.0 and 17.4 kcal/mol) indicate that exchange occurs via local structural fluctuations. Consistent with its buried environment, the N-epsilon 2-H bond vector of His149 shows restricted mobility, as evidenced by an order parameter S-2 = 0.83 determined from N-15 relaxation measurements, The crystal structure of BCX reveals that a conserved, buried water hydrogen-bonds to the H-epsilon 2 of His149. Strong support for this interaction in solution is provided by the observation of a negative nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and positive rotating-frame Overhauser effect (ROE) between His149 H-epsilon 2 and a water molecule with the same chemical shift as the bulk solvent. However, the chemical shift of H-epsilon 2 (12.2 ppm) and a D/H fractionation factor close to unity (0.89 +/- 0.02) indicate that this is nor a so-called low-barrier hydrogen bond. Lower and upper bounds on the lifetime of the internal water are estimated to be 10(-8) and 10(-3) s. Therefore the chemical exchange of solvent protons with those of His149 H-epsilon 2 and the diffusion or physical exchange of the internal water to which the histidine is hydrogen-bonded differ in rate by over 7 orders of magnitude.},
	keywords = {ACTIVE-SITE, AMIDE PROTON-EXCHANGE, ASSIGNMENTS, DOMAIN, HYDROGEN-BOND, NMR-SPECTROSCOPY, NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE, PROTEINS, relaxation, TRICHODERMA-REESEI},
	isbn = {0006-2960},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000072304200010},
	author = {Connelly, G. P. and McIntosh, L. P.}
}
@article {4135,
	title = {Fast muonium reactions in solution: An electron spin exchange interaction with Cr(NCS)(6)(3-) in water and reaction with iodine in organic solvents},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry A},
	volume = {101},
	number = {26},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: XG935Times Cited: 3Cited Reference Count: 34},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {4741-4744},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Two reactions of muonium atoms close to the diffusion-controlled limit were analyzed as a function of solute size and solvent viscosity. With Cr(NCS)(6)(3-) as solute in water, the reaction is an electron spin-conversion process, and the observed rate is taken to be half of the actual encounter rate, because of the quantum mechanical statistical factor and the occurrence of multiple collisions due to the solvent cage effect. The encounter rate deduced is 6.2 x 10(10) M-1 s(-1), which implies a large cross section for the Cr complex. In a second series of experiments, the rate of reaction of muonium with I-2 was compared in water, methanol and n-heptane. The bimolecular rate constants determined are (1.7 +/- 0.3), (7.0 +/- 1.2), and (57 +/- 22) x 10(10) M-1 s(-1), respectively, in these three solvents. This similar to 30-fold change in rate is not matched by the change in the inverse of the solvents{\textquoteright} viscosities, which changed overall by a factor of only 2.4. It looks as if quantum tunneling dominates over classical diffusion in less polar media where muonium is unencumbered by solvent clathration.},
	keywords = {AQUEOUS-SOLUTION, COMPLEXES, HYDROGEN-ATOMS, O-2, POSITRONIUM, radicals, relaxation, ROTATION},
	isbn = {1089-5639},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997XG93500012},
	author = {Stadlbauer, J. M. and Venkateswaran, K. and Porter, G. B. and Walker, D. C.}
}
@article {3650,
	title = {Addition kinetics and spin exchange in the gas phase reaction of the ethyl radical with oxygen},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry},
	volume = {100},
	number = {16},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: UF879Times Cited: 21Cited Reference Count: 58},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {6561-6571},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The kinetics of the addition reaction of O-2 to the ethyl radical has been investigated as a function of temperature (259-425 K) and pressure (1.5-60 bar) using the muon spin relaxation technique in longitudinal magnetic fields. Within this temperature range at 1.5 bar, the chemical reaction is represented by an Arrhenius rate law with an activation energy of -4.4(4) kJ mol(-1) and an apparent frequency factor of 1.3(2) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The high-pressure limit of the rate constant at 294 K amounts to k(ch)(infinity) = 8.7(8) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). Within error, this limit has been reached at 1.5 bar. The rate coefficient for spin exchange, k(ex) = 2.8(2) x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), is collision controlled. The results for k(ch) agree well with experimental literature values, but the temperature dependence is more pronounced than that predicted on the basis of a RRKM extrapolation from low-pressure data. The theoretical basis for the analysis of experimental data is given, and the results are discussed.},
	keywords = {DEPENDENCE, DYNAMICS, LIQUIDS, muonium, O-2, PARAMETERS, RANGE, RATE CONSTANTS, relaxation, SPECTRA},
	isbn = {0022-3654},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996UF87900032},
	author = {Dilger, H. and Schwager, M. and Tregennapiggott, P. L. W. and Roduner, E. and Reid, I. D. and Arseneau, D. J. and Pan, J. J. and Senba, M. and Shelley, M. and Fleming, Donald G.}
}
@article {3090,
	title = {ELECTRON-SPIN EXCHANGE-REACTIONS OF MUONIUM ATOMS WITH CHROMIUM(III) COMPLEXES - CONTRASTS WITH POSITRONIUM},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry},
	volume = {98},
	number = {33},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: PC619Times Cited: 7Cited Reference Count: 25},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {8050-8052},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Muonium atoms were observed to undergo a fast reaction with several chromium(III) complexes in water, with rate constants in the neighborhood of 10(10) M(-1) s(-1). The reaction occurring is attributed to a simple electron-spin-exchange in muonium, catalyzed by the paramagnetic d(3) metal ions. There is a quantum mechanical statistical factor for this process of 62\% per collision, which becomes 50\% when multicollisional cage effects in solution are included, with the result that the observed rates are close to the diffusion-controlled limit for a muonium reaction in water. The implication is that nearly half of the encounters between muonium and a Cr complex result in electron spin exchange. These muonium rates are faster by a factor of similar to 5 than the corresponding reactions of positronium. They also show a different dependence on the nature of the ligands. These differences are attributed to positronium being larger and more polarizable than muonium, so that spin-spin coupling with the metal{\textquoteright}s d electrons is weaker and more sensitive to the nephelauxetic effect of the ligands in the case of positronium. The corresponding reactions involving ordinary H atoms are not available for comparison but presumably resemble muonium{\textquoteright}s.},
	keywords = {radicals, RADIOLYSIS, relaxation},
	isbn = {0022-3654},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994PC61900022},
	author = {Lazzarini, E. and Stadlbauer, J. M. and Venkateswaran, K. and Gillis, H. A. and Porter, G. B. and Walker, D. C.}
}
@article {3177,
	title = {EQUATION-OF-MOTION FOR 2 COUPLED SPIN-1 NUCLEI UNDER A COHERENT AND RANDOM HAMILTONIAN},
	journal = {Physical Review B},
	volume = {50},
	number = {13},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: PL412Times Cited: 8Cited Reference Count: 27},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {9245-9257},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The time dependence of the density operator for two coupled spin-1 nuclei, such as dideuterium D2 and dinitrogen N-14(2), under the second rank intramolecular dipolar and the first rank spin-rotation Hamiltonians has been derived. It is shown that the relaxation rates for the ortho and para species are not identical. We report the five independent rates for the para and the 21 independent rates for the ortho species. Due to cross relaxation between spin orders which precess at a common frequency, the relaxation for the ortho configuration is not always single exponential. There are 15 cross-relaxation terms between certain spin orders for the ortho species in the slow-motion regime. The complexity of our coupled spin system is discussed for the solid and the Jeener-Broekaert echo sequences. The Zeeman spin-lattice relaxation rates R10 for ortho- and para-dideuterium have been measured experimentally in partially oriented nematic solvents at 304 K using H-2 NMR. The solvents used are PCH-7, 1132, and a 55 wt\% 1132/EBBA mixture. These oriented solvents make it possible to separate the resonances of the ortho and para configurations thereby facilitating the R10 determination directly without multiexponential analysis. The R10 of para-dideuterium is about twice that of ortho-dideuterium in all experiments. Using our calculated expressions for R10 based on quadrupolar, dipolar, and spin-rotation interactions, and performing the proper averaging over the rotational states, we obtain excellent agreement with our experimental results. Good agreement has been obtained with published low-temperature studies as well.},
	keywords = {D2, HD, LIQUID, MAGNETIC-RESONANCE, MOLECULES, relaxation, SOLVENTS, SPECTRA},
	isbn = {0163-1829},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994PL41200032},
	author = {ter Beek, L. C. and Burnell, E. E.}
}
@article {2747,
	title = {MICROSCOPIC THEORY OF SOLVATION DYNAMICS IN DIPOLAR LIQUIDS},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
	volume = {99},
	number = {7},
	year = {1993},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: LY603Times Cited: 48Cited Reference Count: 27},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {4926-4931},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A self contained microscopic theory is described for ion solvation dynamics in dipolar fluids. The theory takes account of inertial and non-Markovian effects which are of critical importance for the fast initial phase of the relaxation of the ion-solvent energy. The theory also includes diffusional effects important at long times. The results obtained are shown to be in good agreement with recent computer simulation studies of ions in Stockmayer solvents.},
	keywords = {COMPUTER-SIMULATION, DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT, ELECTROSTATIC SYSTEMS, FLUID, ION SOLVATION, MOLECULAR LIQUIDS, PERIODIC BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS, relaxation, SOLVENT},
	isbn = {0021-9606},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1993LY60300004},
	author = {Chandra, A. and Wei, D. Q. and Patey, G. N.}
}
@article {2889,
	title = {MUONIUM ATOM SPIN-EXCHANGE WITH ALKALI-METAL VAPORS - MU+CS},
	journal = {Physical Review A},
	volume = {48},
	number = {2},
	year = {1993},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: LQ990Times Cited: 15Cited Reference Count: 77},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {1218-1226},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The thermally averaged total electron spin-flip cross sections (sigma(SF)) for Mu-Cs have been measured in a 2 atm N2 moderator at 543, 566, and 643 K using the muon-spin-rotation technique. Within an overall experimental error of +/-15\%, the measured cross sections can be taken as temperature independent, sigma(SF)=39.7+/-6.0 X 10(-16) cm2, though there may be a trend to decreased values at the lower temperatures. This average value is considerably lower than either the early calculated results of Dalgarno and Rudge [Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A 286, 519 (1965)] or the more recent ones of Cole and Olson [Phys. Rev. A 31, 2137 (1985)] for the corresponding H-Cs collisions, indicating a dramatic isotope effect.},
	keywords = {ADDITION-REACTIONS, COLLISIONS, CROSS-SECTIONS, ENERGIES, HYDROGEN-ATOMS, LOW-PRESSURE GASES, MU-SR, RATE CONSTANTS, relaxation, SCATTERING},
	isbn = {1050-2947},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1993LQ99000046},
	author = {Pan, J. J. and Senba, M. and Arseneau, D. J. and Kempton, J. R. and Fleming, Donald G. and Baer, S. and Gonzalez, A. C. and Snooks, R.}
}
@article {7108,
	title = {A UNIFORM WKB ANALYSIS OF THE COUPLING OF ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT AND THERMALIZATION IN GASES},
	journal = {Journal of Physics B-Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics},
	volume = {24},
	number = {13},
	year = {1991},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: FX594Times Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 44},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {2909-2923},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The presence of small amounts of strongly electronegative gases such as SF6 and CCl4 can greatly perturb from equilibrium the electron energy distribution function in a variety of electron devices. The effect of the addition of these electron attaching gases on the relaxation behaviour of a non-equilibrium electron distribution is studied with a linear Fokker-Planck equation. The time dependence of the electron mobility as well as other transport properties can be expressed as a sum of exponential terms with each term characterized by an eigenvalue of the Fokker-Planck operator. This eigenvalue problem can be transformed to a Schrodinger equation with a potential function parametrized by the electron-atom cross sections, the electric field strength and the gas temperature. In the present paper, the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are calculated with a WKB semiclassical approximation and compared with exact results. The application of the WKB approximation provides a useful way to calculate these strongly perturbed distributions. The specific applications in this paper are for the relaxation of electrons in the inert gases in the presence of small amounts of SF6 or CCl4.},
	keywords = {CROSS-SECTIONS, DISCHARGES, FOKKER-PLANCK EQUATION, MIXTURES, MODERATORS, RARE, relaxation, SF6, SWARM DEVELOPMENT, TRANSPORT-COEFFICIENTS},
	isbn = {0953-4075},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1991FX59400007},
	author = {Shizgal, B.}
}
