@article {687,
	title = {A quantitative study of continuous flow-counterbalanced capillary electrophoresis for sample purification},
	journal = {Electrophoresis},
	volume = {24},
	number = {17},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 723ZZTimes Cited: 10Cited Reference Count: 25},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {2887-2895},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A systematic evaluation of continuous flow-counterbalanced capillary electrophoresis for microscale preparative applications is presented. The success of the technique was found to depend on the specific nature of the analyte and background electrolyte and was most heavily influenced by factors such as solution conductivity and rate of buffer depletion. The performance of the technique for the system studied was ultimately limited by contamination arising from changes in analyte mobilities during extended run times. Marked improvements in both purification rate and yield were observed using the zwitterionic buffer 2-(N-cyclohexylamino)ethanesulfonic acid when compared to similar runs carried out using a borate background electrolyte. A quantitative evaluation of the technique was performed for the analytes studied and the performance of the technique has been compared to fraction collection methods. The highest recovery achieved was 5.2\% of the fastest migrating component present in the original sample with a resolution of 9 to the adjacent peak and required 100 min under optimized conditions. Recovery could be further increased to 9.0\% in 120 min for the same analyte using pressure-ramped flow-counterbalanced capillary electrophoresis.},
	keywords = {amino acid, BUFFER, DESIGN, flow-counterbalanced capillary electrophoresis, FRACTION COLLECTOR, LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE, MASS-SPECTROMETRY, MEMBRANE, MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY, PLASMA, PURIFICATION, SAMPLE, SEPARATION, tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate, ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS, zwitterionic buffer},
	isbn = {0173-0835},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000185462800002},
	author = {McLaren, D. G. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {410,
	title = {The electronic spectrum of NiCN in the visible region},
	journal = {Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy},
	volume = {215},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 601LETimes Cited: 18Cited Reference Count: 74},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {106-127},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The electronic spectrum of NiCN in the 500-630 nm region has been observed by laser-induced fluorescence, following the reaction of laser-ablated nickel atoms with cyanogen under free jet expansion conditions. Seven electronic states hake been identified. Three of these, (X) over tilde (1) (2)Delta(5/2), (X) over tilde (2) (2)Delta(3/2), and (W) over tilde (2)(1)Pi(3/2), are derived from the electron configuration Ni+ (3d(8) 4s) CN, and the other four, (A) over tilde (2) Delta(5/2), (B) over tilde (2)Pi(3/2), (C) over tilde (2)Phi(7/2) and (D) over tilde (2)Phi(5/2), are derived from the configuration Ni+ (3d(8) 4s) CN. Rotational analysis of bands of (NiCN)-N-14 and (NiCN)-N-15 at high resolution has given the bond lengths in the (X) over tilde (2)(1)Delta(5/2) ground state as r(0) (Ni-C) = 1.8292 +/- 0.0028 Angstrom; r(0) (C-N) = 1.1591 +/- 0.0029 Angstrom. The orbital angular momentum splits the bending fundamental of the (X) over tilde (2)(1)Delta(5/2) state into two vibronic components, which lie at 243.640 cm(-1) ((2)Pi(3/2)) and 244.964 cm(-1) ((2)Phi(7/2)). Exceptionally strong Fermi resonance occurs in the ground state between the Ni-C stretching vibration, nu(3), and the overtone of the bending vibration. Sixty vibrational levels of the ground state with /l/ = 0 and l have been assigned, They could tie fitted by least squares to a simple matrix representation of the Fermi resonance that ignores the orbital angular momentum the interaction matrix element, as a fraction of the bending frequency, turns out to be larger than that in the "prototype" molecule, CO2. The two low-lying excited electronic states, (X) over tilde (2)Delta(3/2) at 830 cm(-1) and (W) over tilde (2)(1)Pi(3/2) at 2238 cm(-1), have very similar properties to the ground state. The energies of the excited states in the visible region bear a remarkable resemblance to those found in NiH (S, A. Kadavathu et al., 1991, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 147, 448-470). Again, the effects of Fermi resonance in them are large but those of vibronic coupling are surprisingly small. The most significant vibronic coupling occurs between the (A) over tilde (2)Delta(5/2) and (B) over tilde (2)Pi(3/2) states, which are separated by 79 cm(-1), an interval which is less than half the frequency of the bending vibration that couples them large numbers of vibronically induced bands appear in the excitation and dispersed emission spectra, but the splitting between (tie vibronic components of the bending fundamental of the (A) over tilde (2)Delta(5/2) state is only 6.988 cm(-1). Rotational perturbations are widespread in the (A) over tilde (2)Delta(5/2) state, particularly in the levels of the nu(3) (Ni-C stretching) progression, Vibrational assignments have been made on the basis of the Ni-58-Ni-60 isotope shifts at high resolution and the Franck-Condon patterns in dispersed emission spectra, Various weak unassigned bands, both in the excitation and the dispersed emission spectra, give evidence for the existence of at least three more excited electronic states which it has not been possible to characterize in detail. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA)},
	keywords = {ANION PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY, EXCITED-STATES, FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY, LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE, LITHIUM ISOCYANIDE, LOW-LYING STATES, MG-BEARING, MICROWAVE, MOLECULE, POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE, ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM, SPECTROSCOPY},
	isbn = {0022-2852},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000178446800011},
	author = {Kingston, C. T. and Merer, A. J. and Varberg, T. D.}
}
@article {4689,
	title = {Undercarboxylation of recombinant prothrombin revealed by analysis of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid using capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence},
	journal = {Febs Letters},
	volume = {445},
	number = {2-3},
	year = {1999},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 175YCTimes Cited: 6Cited Reference Count: 37},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {256-260},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) content of several variants of human prothrombin has been measured by using capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF). Both plasma-derived prothrombin and recombinant prothrombin contain ten residues of Gla per molecule of protein. In contrast, a variant of human prothrombin (containing the second kringle domain of bovine prothrombin) was separated into two populations that differed in their Gla content. Direct measurement of the Gla content showed an association with the presence or absence of the calcium-dependent conformational change that is required for prothombinase function. Thus, the CE-LIF assay is useful in determining the carboxylation status of recombinant proteins. (C) 1999 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.},
	keywords = {baby hamster kidney, calcium, capillary electrophoresis, cell, EXPRESSION, FACTOR-X, gamma carboxy glutamic acid, GLUTAMIC-ACID, HUMAN PROTEIN-C, LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE, METAL, PHOSPHOLIPID-BINDING-PROPERTIES, PROTHROMBIN, PURIFICATION, recombinant protein, RESIDUES, VITAMIN-K},
	isbn = {0014-5793},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000079122800007},
	author = {Vo, H. C. and Britz-McKibbin, P. and Chen, D. D. Y. and MacGillivray, R. T. A.}
}
@article {4427,
	title = {The pure rotational spectrum of yttrium monobromide},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
	volume = {109},
	number = {13},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 123YFTimes Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 51},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {5439-5445},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The pure rotational spectrum of the X (1)Sigma(+) ground electronic state of yttrium monobromide has been measured. This is the first high-resolution spectrum recorded for this molecule. Transitions in the ground and first excited vibrational states have been measured for both the (YBr)-Br-79 and (YBr)-Br-81 isotopomers. Equilibrium rotational parameters have been determined and an equilibrium bond distance has been calculated. Vibrational parameters have been estimated. Hyperfine structure due to the bromine nuclei has been observed and nuclear quadrupole and nuclear spin-rotation constants have been determined. These parameters have been used to investigate the ionic character of the Y-Br bond and comparisons have been made to several alkali and alkaline earth metal bromide species. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(98)02337-X].},
	keywords = {BAND SYSTEM, LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE, MOLECULAR-BEAM, PUMP PROBE, RF DOUBLE-RESONANCE, SPECTROSCOPY, STARK, STATE, TRANSITION, YCL, YF},
	isbn = {0021-9606},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000076152700032},
	author = {Walker, K. A. and Gerry, M. C. L.}
}
@article {3600,
	title = {The near infrared electronic spectrum of tungsten methylidyne, WCH},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
	volume = {105},
	number = {15},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: VM554Times Cited: 19Cited Reference Count: 29},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {6168-6182},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The laser excitation spectrum of tungsten methylidyne, WCH, has been recorded in the 12 000-15 400 cm(-1) region. A total of 14 vibronic bands of WCH and 16 bands of WCD have been observed in this region. Rotational analysis shows that the ground state is (X) over tilde 3/2((2) Delta), with the substitution structure r(0)(W=C)=1.7366(5) Angstrom and r(0)(C-H)=1.076(5) Angstrom. The excited vibronic levels have been assigned, on the basis of their WCH/WCD isotope shifts and their wavelength resolved fluorescence patterns, to three electronic states, (A) over tilde 3/2((2) Delta), (B) over tilde 1/2((2) Pi), and (C) over tilde 5/2(2 Phi), at 12 090, 13 392, and 14 110 cm(-1), respectively. The wavelength resolved fluorescence spectra have also established the low-lying vibrational levels of the ground state. The ground state bending fundamental lies at 660 cm(-1), while the W-C stretching frequency is 1006 cm(-1); the corresponding frequencies in WCD are 501 cm(-1) and 953 cm(-1), respectively. No evidence for the C-H stretching frequency has been found. Emission has also been observed to a low-lying electronic state, 813 cm(-1) above the (X) over tilde 3/2 state. The pattern of rotationally resolved emission to this state clearly indicates that it is a (4) Sigma(1/2) state. Its bending frequency is 612 cm(-1), and its W-C stretching frequency is 971 cm(-1), indicating a slightly longer bond length than in the (X) over tilde 3/2 state. High resolution cw laser spectra of the (0,0) bands of the two lowest excited electronic states [(A) over tilde 3/2((2) Delta) and (B) over tilde 1/2((2) Pi)] reveal a small splitting of the four principal tungsten isotopes (W-182, W-183, W-184, and W-186) which serves to confirm the presence of tungsten in the carrier. Hyperfine splitting associated with the W-183 nucleus (I = 1/2) has been observed for the (0,0) band of the (A) over tilde 3/2- (X) over tilde 3/2 system, allowing the electron configuration of the ground state to be elucidated. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics.},
	keywords = {COMPLEXES, FREE-RADICALS, GAS-PHASE, HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE, LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE, SPECTROSCOPY, STATES, SYSTEM, TRANSITION, ZNCH3},
	isbn = {0021-9606},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996VM55400009},
	author = {Barnes, M. and Gillett, D. A. and Merer, A. J. and Metha, G. F.}
}
@article {3813,
	title = {Nonequilibrium effects in reactive systems; The effect of reaction products and the validity of the Chapman-Enskog method},
	journal = {Physica a-Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications},
	volume = {223},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: TQ402Times Cited: 30Cited Reference Count: 62},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {50-86},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The rates of gas phase reactions can be calculated from the averages of the appropriate reactive cross sections with the velocity distribution functions of the reacting species. The reactive process, especially for reactions with activation energy, removes translationally energetic species and the velocity distribution functions depart from Maxwellian. The rate coefficients can differ from the equilibrium rate calculated with the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The extent of the departure of the distribution function from Maxwellian can be estimated from solutions of the Boltzmann equation with appropriate choices for the elastic and reactive collision cross sections. If there is a good separation in the elastic and reactive collision time scales, a steady solution of the Boltzmann equation can be obtained with a procedure analogous to the Chapman-Enskog method for transport coefficients. In the present paper, the nonequilibrium effects for model reactive systems of the type A + A reversible arrow B + B, with and without the reverse reaction, and the reaction A + C {\textendash}> products are examined with both a Chapman-Enskog method along with an explicitly time-dependent solution for the irreversible reaction A + A {\textendash}> B + B. The main objectives are to study the effect of the inclusion of the products with and without a reverse reaction as well as the range of validity of the Chapman-Enskog method.},
	keywords = {ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT, DISTRIBUTIONS, EQUILIBRIUM, HEAT-FLUX, hydrodynamics, KINETIC-THEORY, LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE, PERTURBATION, PLASMA, STRONGLY INHOMOGENEOUS SYSTEMS, VELOCITY},
	isbn = {0378-4371},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996TQ40200005},
	author = {Shizgal, B. D. and Napier, D. G.}
}
@article {3054,
	title = {THE PURE ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM OF YCL},
	journal = {Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy},
	volume = {166},
	number = {2},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: NZ007Times Cited: 17Cited Reference Count: 16},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {304-309},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The microwave spectra of two isotopic species of YCl have been measured using a cavity pulsed microwave Fourier transform spectrometer. The samples were prepared using laser ablation of Y metal in the presence of a Cl2/Ne mixture and were studied entrained in supersonic jets of Ne. Precise values of rotational and centrifugal distortion constants and of Cl nuclear hyperfine constants have been obtained. The latter have been used to examine the electronic structure of the molecule. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.},
	keywords = {BAND, LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE, SCANDIUM, YTTRIUM},
	isbn = {0022-2852},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994NZ00700006},
	author = {Hensel, K. D. and Gerry, M. C. L.}
}
