@article {1177,
	title = {Thermodynamic properties of water in the water-poor region of binary water plus alcohol mixtures},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Chemistry-Revue Canadienne De Chimie},
	volume = {83},
	number = {5},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 930KOTimes Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 54},
	month = {May},
	pages = {420-429},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {In our previous thermodynamic studies, we suggested that alcohol molecules in water-poor water + alcohol mixtures exist as alcohol clusters in a form similar to the pure alcohols. Here, we use calorimetry and densitometry to investigate how H2O interacts with alcohol clusters in water-poor binary aqueous mixtures of 12 different alcohols. The composition dependence of the measured excess partial molar enthalpy and volume of water (H-W(E) and V-W(E)), along with entropy data calculated from H-W(E) and literature data for excess chemical potentials, showed that in water-poor solutions of small alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol, mutual water-water interactions are endothermic, but entropically favorable. Conversely, in long-chain solvents such as 1-octanol and 1-decanol, the interaction is exothermic and entropically unfavorable. We suggest that these observations reflect water-alcohol hydrogen bonding in short-chain solvents and water clustering with more hydrogen bonding than in pure water or "dewetting" in mixtures of the longer alcohols, respectively. The composition dependence of H-W(E) was also used to locate anomalies that specify the boundary between the mixing schemes characterizing the intermediate and the water-poor regions of alcohol + water mixtures.},
	keywords = {25-DEGREES-C, ALKANE-MONO-OLS, aqueous alkane-mono-ols, AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS, BUTANOL MIXTURES, DILUTE-SOLUTIONS, entropy and, EXCESS ENTHALPY, excess partial molar enthalpy, MIXING SCHEMES, PARTIAL MOLAR VOLUMES, RICH REGION, TERT-BUTYL ALCOHOL, VOLUME},
	isbn = {0008-4042},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000229414900003},
	author = {Liltorp, K. and Westh, P. and Koga,Yoshikata}
}
@article {573,
	title = {Velocity-difference induced focusing of xanthine and purine metabolites by capillary electrophoresis using a dynamic pH junction},
	journal = {Chromatographia},
	volume = {57},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 644GETimes Cited: 15Cited Reference Count: 45},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {87-93},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Velocity-difference induced focusing (V-DIF) of analytes by a dynamic pH junction represents a simple yet effective on-line preconcentration method to improve concentration sensitivity in capillary electrophoresis (CE), Differences in buffer type, pH and conductivity between sample and background electrolyte (BGE) segments of the capillary are properties used to optimize purine focusing within a multi-section electrolyte system. This method permits the injection of large volumes of sample (up to 450 nL or about 18\% of capillary length), resulting in over a 50-fold improvement in sensitivity with baseline resolution. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) for xanthine is determined to less than 4,0 x 10(-8) M under optimum conditions when using UV detection. Analysis of micromolor amounts of xanthine in pooled urine is also demonstrated without sample pretreatment. A dual mechanism involving dynamic pH and isotachophoretic modes is proposed to enhance analyte focusing performance when employing buffer pH junctions based on different types of electrolyte co-ions.},
	keywords = {AMPLIFIED SAMPLE STACKING, BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS, capillary electrophoresis, dynamic pH junction, ELECTROOSMOTIC FLOW, induced focusing, INJECTION, MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY, NEUTRAL ANALYTES, ON-COLUMN TRANSIENT, purine metabolites, SELF-STACKING, urine, velocity-difference, VOLUME, xanthine analysis, ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS},
	isbn = {0009-5893},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000180908900013},
	author = {Britz-McKibbin, P. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {4958,
	title = {Interactions in D-fructose-1-propanol-H2O: the effect of D-fructose on the molecular organization of liquid H2O},
	journal = {Fluid Phase Equilibria},
	volume = {171},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 349EQTimes Cited: 5Cited Reference Count: 27},
	month = {May},
	pages = {151-164},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Densities of binary aqueous solutions of D-fructose (abbreviated as FR hereinafter) were determined in a much wider mole fraction range than available in literature. In contrast to hydrophobic solutes, the partial molar volume of FR, V-FR, does not show an initial decrease on increasing the mole fraction of FR, x(FR). In order to learn more about the effect of FR on the molecular organization of liquid H2O, the excess chemical potentials and partial molar enthalpy of 1-propanol (1P) were determined in ternary 1P-FR-H2O system. Namely, the detailed thermodynamic behaviour of 1P in the ternary system was used as a probe to elucidate the effect of FR on liquid H2O. In comparison with earlier results of the temperature dependence of tert-butanol (TBA)-TBA interaction functions, addition of FR seems to have a similar effect of temperature increase on the molecular organization of H2O. We suggest that addition of FR tends to decrease the global average of hydrogen bond probability of H2O. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {25-DEGREES-C, AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS, BUTYL ALCOHOL-SOLUTIONS, chemical potential, CHEMICAL-POTENTIALS, D-fructose-1-propanol-H2O, effect of beta-D-fructose on H2O, INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS, MIXING SCHEME, PARTIAL MOLAR ENTHALPIES, partial molar enthalpy, TRANSITION, VOLUME, VOLUMES, WATER-RICH REGION},
	isbn = {0378-3812},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000089031000011},
	author = {To, E. C. H. and Westh, P. and Trandum, C. and Hvidt, A. and Koga,Yoshikata}
}
@article {4739,
	title = {Selective focusing of catecholamines and weakly acidic compounds by capillary electrophoresis using a dynamic pH junction},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {72},
	number = {6},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 295NRTimes Cited: 171Cited Reference Count: 43},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {1242-1252},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A systematic study of selective analyte focusing in a multisection electrolyte system by capillary electrophoresis (CE) is presented. It was found that a dynamic pH junction between sample and background electrolyte zones can be used to focus zwitterionic catecholamines and weakly acidic compounds without the use of special ampholytes. Differences in pH and concentration of complexing agents, such as berate, in the sample and background electrolyte zones were determined to cause focusing through changes in the local velocity of the analyte in two different segments of the capillary. Velocity-differerence induced focusing (V-DIF) of analytes using a dynamic pH junction allowed the injection of large sample volumes and significantly improved the concentration sensitivity of CE. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection for epinephrine was determined to be about 4 x 10(-8) M (the original sample) with conventional UV absorbance detection. Moreover, separation efficiencies greater than a million theoretical plates can be achieved by focusing such large sample volumes into narrow zones. Multisection electrolyte systems, which lead to the formation of a dynamic pH junction, can be tuned toward improving the concentration sensitivity of specific analytes their chemical properties are known.},
	keywords = {DNA-ADDUCTS, ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION, INJECTION, MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY, MIGRATING MICELLES, NEUTRAL ANALYTES, REVERSE, SAMPLE SELF-STACKING, SEPARATION, VOLUME, ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS},
	isbn = {0003-2700},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000085975200021},
	author = {Britz-McKibbin, P. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {4738,
	title = {Velocity-difference induced focusing of nucleotides in capillary electrophoresis with a dynamic pH junction},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {72},
	number = {8},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 304RDTimes Cited: 122Cited Reference Count: 35},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {1729-1735},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Velocity-difference induced focusing (V-DIF) of nucleotides was achieved by using a dynamic pH junction in capillary electrophoresis (CE) with UV detection. The influence of specific analyte properties, such as nucleotide base structure, sugar structure, and degree of phosphorylation, is examined. The pK(a) values and berate complexation with vicinal diols are important factors that caused the focusing. Therefore, the pH and berate content in the sample and background electrolyte can be adjusted to optimize the focusing effect. This method allows the injection of large volumes of sample (similar to 300 nL), resulting in at least 50-fold improvement in concentration sensitivity. The detection limit of 4.0 x 10(-8) M for nucleotides can be achieved in favorable conditions. V-DIF can be also applied to nucleotide pool analysis from cell extracts to improve the concentration sensitivity of CE and to reduce the time-consuming steps of desalting and off-line preconcentration that are often required for assays of nucleotides from biological samples.},
	keywords = {DNA-ADDUCTS, ELECTROPHORESIS, INJECTION, ISOTACHOPHORESIS, MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY, NEUTRAL ANALYTES, SAMPLE SELF-STACKING, SEPARATION, TRIPHOSPHATES, VOLUME, ZONE},
	isbn = {0003-2700},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000086497200001},
	author = {Britz-McKibbin, P. and Bebault, G. M. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
