@article {397,
	title = {Applications of on-line weak affinity interactions in free solution capillary electrophoresis},
	journal = {Electrophoresis},
	volume = {23},
	number = {6},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 536KNTimes Cited: 26Cited Reference Count: 109},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {815-822},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {The impressive selectivity offered by capillary electrophoresis can in some cases be further increased when ligands or additives that engage in weak affinity interactions with one or more of the separated analytes are added to the electrophoresis buffer. This on-line affinity capillary electrophoresis approach is feasible when the migration of complexed molecules is different from the migration of free molecules and when separation conditions are nondenaturing. In this review, we focus on applying weak interactions as tools to enhance the separation of closely related molecules, e.g., drug enantiomers and on using capillary electrophoresis to characterize such interactions quantitatively. We describe the equations for binding isotherms, illustrate how selectivity can be manipulated by varying the additive concentrations, and show how the methods may be used to estimate binding constants. On-line affinity capillary electrophoresis methods are especially valuable for enantiomeric separations and for functional characterization of the contents of biological samples that are only available in minute quantities.},
	keywords = {affinity capillary electrophoresis, ALPHA(1)-ACID, AMYLOID-P COMPONENT, biomolecular interactions, capillary electrophoresis, CHIRAL SEPARATION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CONSTANTS, ELECTROKINETIC, enantiomer separation, ENANTIOSELECTIVE PROTEIN, FRONTAL ANALYSIS, GLYCOPROTEIN, isotherms, MEASURE BINDING, PARTIAL-FILLING TECHNIQUE, PROTEIN-BINDING, review, separation methods, ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS},
	isbn = {0173-0835},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000174699400002},
	author = {Heegaard, N. H. H. and Nissen, M. H. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {435,
	title = {Evaluation of tetraphenyl-2,3-dihydroxychlorins as potential photosensitizers},
	journal = {Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines},
	volume = {6},
	number = {2},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 595XYTimes Cited: 15Cited Reference Count: 33},
	pages = {146-155},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A series of beta,beta-dihydroxychlorins derived from meso-tetraphenylporphyrins (TPPs) have been synthesized. Their in vitro cytotoxicity has been measured and compared to BPDMA (verteporfin). Under the assay conditions BPDMA had an LD50 (lethal dose to kill 50\% of cells) value of 0.007 muM (5 ng/mL). The LD50 values for the TPP derivatives varied from 1.7 x 10(-2) to 9.9 muM depending upon the substituents and their position on the phenyl groups. One example of the dihydroxychlorin prepared from unsubstituted 5,15-diphenylporphyrin was examined and this exhibited an LD50 of 2.4 x 10(-3) muM! Copyright (C) 2002 Society of Porphyrins \& Phthalocyanines.},
	keywords = {AGGREGATION, BACTERIOCHLORINS, beta, beta-dihydroxychlorins, BIODISTRIBUTION, chlorins, cytotoxicity, DERIVATIVES, photodynamic, PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY, PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES, PHOTOSENSITIZERS, porphyrins, PROTEIN-BINDING, SENSITIZERS, therapy, TUMOR PHOTOSENSITIZERS},
	isbn = {1088-4246},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000178134600008},
	author = {Macalpine, J. K. and Boch, R. and Dolphin, D.}
}
@article {3692,
	title = {Speciation of aluminum in biological systems},
	journal = {Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health},
	volume = {48},
	number = {6},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: VE144Times Cited: 99Cited Reference Count: 131Research Issues in Aluminum Toxicity WorkshopJUL, 1995VANCOUVER, CANADA},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {543-568},
	type = {Proceedings Paper},
	abstract = {As a {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}hard{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} trivalent metal ion, Al3+ binds strongly to oxygen-donor ligands such as citrate and phosphate. The aqueous coordination chemistry of Al is complicated by the tendency of many Al complexes to hydrolyze and form polynuclear species, many of which are sparingly soluble. Thus there is considerable variation among the Al stability constants reported for several important ligands. The complexity in the aqueous chemistry of Al has also affected Al toxicity studies, which have often utilized poorly characterized Al stock solutions. Serum fractionation studies show that most Al is protein bound, primarily to the serum iron transport protein transferrin. Albumin appears to play little, if any, role in serum transport. There is little agreement as to the speciation of the remaining low-molecular-mass fraction of serum Al. The lability of the Al3+ ion precludes the simple separation and identification of individual Al complexes. Computational methods are available for detailed computer calculations of the Al speciation in serum, but efforts in this area have been severely hampered by the uncertainties regarding the stability constants of the low molecular mass Al complexes with Citrate, phosphate, and hydroxide. Specific recommendations for further research on Al speciation include: (1) Determine more accurate Al stability constants with critical low molecular mass ligands such as citrate and phosphate; (2) supplement traditional potentiometric studies on Al complexes with data from other techniques such as Al-27-NMR and accelerator mass spectrometry with Al-26; (3) develop new methods for generating reliable linear free energy relationships for Al complexation; (4) determine equilibrium and rate constants for Al binding to transferrin al 37 degrees C; (5) confirm the possible formation of low-molecular-mass Al-protein complexes following desferrioxamine therapy; (6) continue research efforts to incorporate kinetic considerations into the present equilibrium speciation calculations; (7) improve methods for preparing chemically well-defined stock solutions for toxicological studies; (8) incorporate more detailed speciation data into studies on Al toxicity and pharmacokinetics; and (9) incorporate more detailed speciation data into future epidemiological studies on the relationship between Al toxicity and various water quality parameters.},
	keywords = {ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, DIETARY CONSTITUENTS, DRINKING-WATER, GASTROINTESTINAL ABSORPTION, HUMAN-SERUM TRANSFERRIN, MURINE, NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS, POTENTIAL, PROTEIN-BINDING, SIGNIFICANCE INVIVO, SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY, THERAPEUTIC CHELATING-AGENTS},
	isbn = {0098-4108},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996VE14400005},
	author = {Harris, W. R. and Berthon, G. and Day, J. P. and Exley, C. and Flaten, T. P. and Forbes, W. F. and Kiss, T. and Orvig, Chris and Zatta, P. F.}
}
