@article {1150,
	title = {NMR imaging investigation of rice cooking},
	journal = {Food Research International},
	volume = {38},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 914CXTimes Cited: 10Cited Reference Count: 19},
	pages = {403-410},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The visualization and quantification of the cooking of rice by NMR imaging is reported for Japonica rice (Oryza sativa. L. Japonica cv. Nipponbare) as a test sample. Rice was cooked in a vial for various times and then studied at room temperature by NMR imaging. The multi slice multi echo method was employed to obtain two-dimensional proton images. Images using only the first echo clearly revealed the changes in the water content of the rice grains during cooking. T-2 images were obtained from the same experiments but using the first 16 echoes and converted to images of the water distributions using an empirical T-2 vs. water content calibration determined from a series of reference water/rice starch mixtures. The total limiting water content within the rice grains was calculated and it agreed with that calculated from the known water/rice ratio used, indicating that both the concentration and distributions of water within the rice grains during cooking obtained from the NMR imaging were quantitatively reliable. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {cooking process, first echo, GRAIN, NMR imaging, rice, T-2 image, water content},
	isbn = {0963-9969},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000228203600007},
	author = {Kasai, M. and Lewis, A. and Marica, F. and Ayabe, S. and Hatae, K. and Fyfe, C. A.}
}
@article {4811,
	title = {Quantitative NMR imaging study of the mechanism of drug release from swelling hydroxypropylmethylcellulose tablets},
	journal = {Journal of Controlled Release},
	volume = {68},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 359DGTimes Cited: 41Cited Reference Count: 14},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {313-333},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {NMR imaging has been used to study the release behavior of two model drugs, triflupromazine-HCl and 5-fluorouracil, from swelling hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) tablets. Preliminary experiments were performed on equilibrium mixtures of drug, polymer and water to determine how properties such as NMR relaxation parameters and self-diffusion were affected by the drug and polymer concentrations. The tablet swelling was restricted to one dimension and distributions of the water and model drugs were obtained by H-1 and F-19 imaging, respectively. The HPMC distribution at each time in the swelling process was determined indirectly from its effect on the relaxation parameters of the water and the drugs. In the one-dimensional swelling tablet, distributions of drug and polymer were compared to determine what factors influenced the release of drug from the swelling tablet. The distributions for triflupromazine-HCl and HPMC paralleled each other and the drug was only released at the eroding edge of the tablet where the HPMC concentration dropped below 10\%. In contrast, 5-fluorouracil was released much more rapidly from the tablet and appeared to escape by diffusion from regions as high as 30\% HPMC. An empirical measure of the rate of tablet edge movement can be obtained from plots of the edge position as a function of the square root of time. For HPMC, the rate of tablet expansion was determined in this way to be (2.4+/-0.8)x10(-6) cm(2) s(-1). The self-diffusion of triflupromazine-HCl in equilibrated mixtures of similar composition to the eroding tablet edge is similar to 3x10(-6) cm(2) s(-1) while the self-diffusion coefficient of 5-fluorouracil remained higher than this value until the HPMC concentration reached about 30\%. This comparison of {\textquoteright}diffusion{\textquoteright} properties may be useful in predicting the mechanism of drug release from other swelling hydrophilic matrix systems. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {BEHAVIOR, DOSAGE FORMS, drug release, GEL LAYER, HPMC TABLETS, hydrophilic matrix tablets, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), MATRIX, NMR imaging},
	isbn = {0168-3659},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000089595800001},
	author = {Fyfe, C. A. and Blazek-Welsh, A. I.}
}
@article {4271,
	title = {Complications in investigations of the swelling of hydrogel matrices due to the presence of trapped gas},
	journal = {Journal of Controlled Release},
	volume = {52},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: ZC530Times Cited: 13Cited Reference Count: 11},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {221-225},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {In recent studies, NMR imaging has been used to investigate the swelling of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) tablets and to determine polymer concentration distributions in the swollen matrix. The total amount of polymer in the system was computed from these distributions and was up to 35\% greater than the known weight of HPMC in the tablet. This deviation was traced to the presence of air bubbles in the swollen matrix which occupied a significant volume previously assumed to be occupied by polymer and water. When the air in the tablet was removed by vacuum, the swollen gel contained no evidence of air bubbles and the calculated total polymer weights from the HPMC distributions were equal to the amount of HPMC in the tablet. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.},
	keywords = {BEHAVIOR, CONTROLLED RELEASE, DRUG-RELEASE, GEL, HPMC TABLETS, hydrophilic matrix tablet, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, IMAGING METHOD, LAYER, MECHANISMS, NMR imaging, RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS, swelling},
	isbn = {0168-3659},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000072589600022},
	author = {Fyfe, C. A. and Blazek, A. I.}
}
@article {4252,
	title = {Use of NMR imaging in the optimization of a compression-coated regulated release system},
	journal = {Journal of Controlled Release},
	volume = {51},
	number = {2-3},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: ZA955Times Cited: 22Cited Reference Count: 15},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {179-184},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging is routinely used to detect the protons of mobile water molecules within samples. In this investigation, this non-destructive, non-invasive technique was used to determine the cause for faster than predicted drug release from a dissolution-based regulated-release tablet. The NMR images of tablets, from mio different formulations, taken at various intervals of time while immersed in static USP dissolution medium showed that the tablet with faster than predicted drug release had a porous coating. The porous coat exposed more of the core surface area to the dissolution medium than desired and this caused an increase in the rate of dissolution of the core. The data presented in this paper demonstrate the usefulness of NMR imaging in solid dosage form development. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.},
	keywords = {compression coating, DIFFUSION, formulation optimization, modified-release tablet, NMR imaging, POLYMERS, regulated-release tablet, RODS},
	isbn = {0168-3659},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000072419400009},
	author = {Fahie, B. J. and Nangia, A. and Chopra, S. K. and Fyfe, C. A. and Grondey, H. and Blazek, A.}
}
@article {3038,
	title = {NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE IMAGING AS A PROBE OF THE FREEZING-THAWING PHENOMENA OF LIQUIDS IN HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEMS},
	journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry},
	volume = {32},
	number = {5},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: NK844Times Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 18},
	month = {May},
	pages = {276-283},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {NMR microscopic imaging is shown to be an excellent probe of the freezing and thawing phenomena of liquids in heterogeneous chemical systems, and, in addition, is capable of monitoring the freezing-thawing of mixed solvent systems. In the model mixed solvent system Me(2)SO-water, the chemical shift specific slice selective (C4S) imaging technique is used to obtain the spatial distributions of the concentrations and mobilities of the two individual solvents in test samples. Measurements of relaxation parameters make it possible to choose values of imaging parameters TE and TR to ensure quantitative reliability of the images. Images of test samples generated at various temperatures demonstrate the qualitative relationship between image intensity and the Me(2)SO-water phase diagram. This series of experiments verifies that NMR microscopic imaging will be a powerful tool for the study of liquids within solid matrices, and in particular of cryoprotectant solvents in biological systems.},
	keywords = {CRYOPROTECTANT, DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE, FREEZING, NMR, NMR imaging, RESOLUTION},
	isbn = {0749-1581},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994NK84400003},
	author = {Fyfe, C. A. and Isbell, S. A. and Burlinson, N. E.}
}
