@article {663,
	title = {Arsenic methylation by micro-organisms isolated from sheepskin bedding materials},
	journal = {Human \& Experimental Toxicology},
	volume = {22},
	number = {6},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 696NKTimes Cited: 6Cited Reference Count: 48},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {325-334},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been associated with the volatilization of arsenic, antimony or phosphorus compounds from infants{\textquoteright} bedding material by micro-organisms, the so-called {\textquoteright}toxic gas hypothesis{\textquoteright}. The volatilization of arsenic by aerobic micro-organisms isolated from new sheepskin bedding material, as well as on material used by a healthy infant and by an infant who perished of SIDS, was examined. Three fungi were isolated from a piece of sheepskin bedding material on which an infant perished of SIDS, which methylated arsenic to form trimethylarsenic(V) species, precursors to volatile trimethylarsine. These three fungi were identified as Scopulariopsis koningii, Fomitopsis pinicola and Penicillium gladioli by their 26S-ribosomal RNA polymerase chain reaction products. These fungi were not previously known to methylate arsenic. The volatilization of arsenic by these three fungi was then examined. Only R gladioli volatilized arsenic and only under conditions such that the production of sufficient trimethylarsine to be acutely toxic to an infant is unlikely. S. brevicaulis grew on the sheepskin bedding material and evolved a trace amount of trimethylarsine. Known human pathogens such as Mycobacterium neoaurum and Acinetobacter junii were isolated from used bedding.},
	keywords = {ANTIMONY COMPOUNDS, arsenic, BIOMETHYLATION, COT MATTRESSES, fungi, GAS, hypothesis, IDENTIFICATION, INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME, METHYLATION, SCOPULARIOPSIS-BREVICAULIS, SPECIATION, sudden infant death syndrome, toxic gas, TRIMETHYLARSINE, VOLATILIZATION},
	isbn = {0960-3271},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000183892800008},
	author = {Lehr, C. R. and Polishchuk, E. and Delisle, M. C. and Franz, C. and Cullen, W. R.}
}
@article {5000,
	title = {Antimony biomethylation by the wood rotting fungus Phaeolus schweinitzii},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {15},
	number = {6},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 435TUTimes Cited: 18Cited Reference Count: 27},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {473-480},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The wood rotting fungus, Phaeolus schweinitzii, efficiently transforms the antimony(III) compounds potassium antimony tartrate and antimony trioxide to nonvolatile dimethylantimony and trimethylantimony species, The organoantimony species were detected in potato dextrose broth media samples by using hydride generation-gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectroscopy (HG-GC-AAS). The average concentrations of trimethylantimony species after 40 days incubation with potassium antimony tartrate were approximately 35 mug, 155 mug and 520 mug Sb/l, for substrate concentrations of 10 mg, 100 mg and 1000 mg Sb/l respectively. Thus, the maximum yield of trimethylantimony species was approximately 0.4\%, When antimony trioxide (saturated solution, 4 mg Sb/l) was used as a substrate, the average concentration of trimethylantimony species was 150 mug Sb/l after 40 days. The HG-GC-AAS response for the dimethylantimony species was less than that for the trimethylantimony species; however, quantification was not possible because of the lack of an appropriate standard. In comparison, cultures of P, schweinitzii incubated with 1 mg As/I as sodium arsenite contained approximately 200 mug As/I as trimethylarsenic species, i.e. 20\% yield, Biomethylation of antimony(V) was inefficient: cultures contained only 3 mug Sb/l as trimethylantimony species after incubation with 100 mg Sb/l as potassium hexahydroxyantimonate, No organoantimony species were detected in control cultures that contained only medium and inorganic antimony compounds. The identities of the organoantimony species were confirmed by using CC-Mass Spectrometry, Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY, CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY, chromatography-atomic, CONFIRMATION, CULTURES, dimethylantimony, GENERATION, GROWTH, HUMICOLA, hydride generation-gas, infant death syndrome (SIDS), INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME, MICROORGANISMS, Phaeolus schweinitzii, SCOPULARIOPSIS-BREVICAULIS, SPECIATION, sudden, trimethylantimony},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000168897900005},
	author = {Andrewes, P. and Cullen, W. R. and Polishchuk, E. and Reimer, K. J.}
}
@article {4852,
	title = {Antimony species in environmental samples},
	journal = {International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {77},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 335VQTimes Cited: 17Cited Reference Count: 33},
	pages = {111-131},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Antimony was extracted from environmental biota samples from Yellowknife, NWT and Meager Creek, BC, Canada. Extraction efficiencies ranged from 0.7 to 37\% for all samples except for a cattail sample, from which 95\% of antimony was extracted. Speciation analysis was carried out by using hydride generation-gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-GC-AAS). The major antimony species in all samples, including biota extracts and water, was Sb (V). Sb (III) and methylated antimony species were detected in some samples as well. The presence of methylated antimony species in moss from Yellowknife and a water sample from Yellowknife was confirmed by using HG-GC-AAS at a second absorption wavelength, increasing the likelihood that the peaks obtained are due to the presence of antimony compounds. A headspace HG-GC-mass spectrometric (MS) method was developed for the speciation of antimony compounds and this was used to successfully confirm methylantimony species in the headspace following HG of extracts of moss and snail samples from Yellowknife.},
	keywords = {ANTIMONY, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, GENERATION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDRIDE GENERATION, MASS SPECTROMETRY, PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY, PLANTS, SCOPULARIOPSIS-BREVICAULIS, snails, SPECIATION, WATERS},
	isbn = {0306-7319},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000088265800002},
	author = {Koch, I. and Wang, L. X. and Feldmann, J. and Andrewes, P. and Reimer, K. J. and Cullen, W. R.}
}
@article {3002,
	title = {IDENTIFICATION OF EXTRACELLULAR ARSENICAL METABOLITES IN THE GROWTH-MEDIUM OF THE MICROORGANISMS APIOTRICHUM-HUMICOLA AND SCOPULARIOPSIS-BREVICAULIS},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {8},
	number = {4},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: PD643Times Cited: 34Cited Reference Count: 28},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {303-311},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The separation and identification of some of the arsenic species produced in cells present in the growth medium when the microorganisms Apiotrichum humicola (previously known as Candida humicola) and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis were grown in the presence of arsenicals were achieved by using hydride generation-gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry methodology (HG GC AA). Arsenite, monomethylarsonate, dimethylarsinate and trimethylarsine oxide were detected following incubation with arsenate. With arsenite as a substrate, the metabolites were monomethylarsonate, dimethylarsinate and trimethylarsine oxide; monomethylarsonate afforded dimethylarsinate and trimethylarsine oxide, and dimethylarsinate afforded trimethylarsine oxide. Trimethylarsine was not detected when the arsenic concentration was 1 ppm.},
	keywords = {APIOTRICHUM-HUMICOLA, arsenic, CANDIDA-HUMICOLA, DIMETHYULARSINATE, ENDOCELLULAR, EXTRACELLULAR, GROWTH MEDIUM, HYDRIDE GENERATION GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, METHYLARSONATE, METHYLATION, mobility, SCOPULARIOPSIS-BREVICAULIS, TRIMETHYLARSINE, TRIMETHYLARSINE OXIDE},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994PD64300003},
	author = {Cullen, W. R. and Li, H. and Hewitt, G. and Reimer, K. J. and Zalunardo, N.}
}
