@article {658,
	title = {Reductive dechlorination of weathered Aroclor 1260 during anaerobic biotreatment of Arctic soils},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Microbiology},
	volume = {49},
	number = {1},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 654TDTimes Cited: 3Cited Reference Count: 23},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {9-14},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We investigated the microbial reductive dechlorination of both weathered (aged) and nonweathered (freshly added) Aroclor 1260 in aerobic soil from Resolution Island, Nunavut, Canada. Initial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were 106 and 100 ppm, respectively. The aerobic soil samples were inoculated with anaerobic sediment, incubated at 30degreesC until methanogenic, inoculated with a dechlorinating enrichment culture, and incubated a further 8 weeks. The average number of chlorine substituents per biphenyl molecule was biologically reduced from 6.6 to 5.1 and from 6.2 to 4.5 for weathered and nonweathered Aroclor 1260, respectively. Removal of hexa- and heptachlorobiphenyls (CBs), the major homolog groups present, was significantly greater for nonweathered than for weathered Aroclor 1260. Formation of dechlorination products, primarily 2,2{\textquoteright},4,4{\textquoteright}- and 2,2{\textquoteright},4,6{\textquoteright}-tetraCBs, was also significantly greater for nonweathered than for weathered Aroclor 1260. We additionally compared the dechlorination at 21degreesC of weathered Aroclor 1260 in soils from Resolution Island and Saglek, Labrador, Canada. The average number of chlorine substituents per biphenyl molecule was biologically reduced from 6.7 to 5.1 and from 6.5 to 4.6, respectively. This study demonstrated the potential for bioremediation of aerobic soil contaminated with Aroclor 1260 and showed that weathering may limit such treatment to an extent variable among different soils.},
	keywords = {BIODEGRADATION, bioremediation, META, MICROBIAL DECHLORINATION, MICROORGANISMS, PCB, PCBS, polychlorinated biphenyl, POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS, SEDIMENTS},
	isbn = {0008-4166},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000181511400002},
	author = {Kuipers, B. and Cullen, W. R. and Mohn, W. W.}
}
@article {441,
	title = {Sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatment of soil contaminated with weathered aroclor 1260},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {36},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 509RCTimes Cited: 25Cited Reference Count: 36},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {100-103},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Soil contaminated with weathered Aroclor 1260 was bioremediated by sequential anaerobic and aerobic laboratory-scale treatment The initial concentration was 59 mug of PCBs/g of soil. Following 4 months of anaerobic treatment with an enrichment culture, all of the major components in Aroclor 1260 were completely or partially transformed to less chlorinated PCB congeners. The major products of reductive dechlorination were 24-24-tetrachlorobiphenyl and 24-26-tetrachlorobiphenyl, and the average chlorine substituents per PCB molecule decreased from 6.4 to 5.2. The molar concentration of PCBs did not decrease during the anaerobic treatment. All of the major products formed during the anaerobic treatment were degraded in the subsequent aerobic treatment using Burkholderia sp. strain LB400. After 28 days of the aerobic treatment, the concentration of PCBs was reduced to 20 mug/g of soil. PCBs were not significantly removed in aerobic treatments unless they were bioaugmented with LB400. Also, PCB degradation was not detected in soil bioaugmented with LB400 without prior anaerobic treatment. These results confirm the potential for extensive biological destruction of highly chlorinated, weathered PCB congeners in soil.},
	keywords = {BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, CLONING, ENCODING BIPHENYL, EXPRESSION, GENE-CLUSTER, PCBS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL-DEGRADATION, PSEUDOMONAS STRAIN LB400, REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION},
	isbn = {0013-936X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000173162600031},
	author = {Master, E. R. and Lai, V. W. M. and Kuipers, B. and Cullen, W. R. and Mohn, W. W.}
}
@article {3745,
	title = {Bacterial transformation of pyrene in a marine environment},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {30},
	number = {4},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: UC413Times Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 33},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {1115-1119},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The bacterial transformation of pyrene in an estuary environment, Kitimat Arm, British Columbia, Canada, was studied. A metabolite was separated from marine sediment and pore water samples and was id entified as cis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene, based on a comparison of the metabolite with the authentic standard, by using both high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. The presence of this key metabolite of dioxygenase-mediated transformation of pyrene, along with previous pyrene degradation studies using cultures isolated from the same sediment samples, suggests a possible in situ bacterial transformation of pyrene in the Kitimat Arm environment.},
	keywords = {ALASKA, BIODEGRADATION, DEGRADATION, MINERALIZATION, NAPHTHALENE, OIL-SPILL BIOREMEDIATION, OXIDATION, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS},
	isbn = {0013-936X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996UC41300029},
	author = {Li, X. F. and Le, X. C. and Simpson, C. D. and Cullen, W. R. and Reimer, K. J.}
}
@article {3744,
	title = {Microbial degradation of pyrene and characterization of a metabolite},
	journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
	volume = {177},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: TP870Times Cited: 10Cited Reference Count: 37},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {17-29},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We report the degradation of pyrene by microorganisms present in sea water and sediment samples that were obtained from Kitimat Arm, BC, Canada, an environment that is highly contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons because of nearby aluminum smelting activity. The utilization of pyrene as sole carbon source by the microorganisms is demonstrated by monitoring the disappearance of pyrene and the production of its metabolite in the cultures. Pyrene (10 mu g) is degraded to an undetectable level after 120 h of incubation with 0.5 mi of the enriched culture and 10 ml of mineral salt medium. The extent of mineralization is also assessed by determining the radioactivity of the (CO2)-C-14 produced from the cultures containing C-14-labeled pyrene: up to 65\% of the pyrene is mineralized after 12 days of incubation. A metabolite that accumulates in the pyrene degradation cultures can be isolated. This metabolite is identified as cis-dihydrodiol pyrene, an initial ring oxidation product, on the basis of its chromatographic behavior, absorption spectrum, fluorescence excitation and emission spectra, and mass spectra.},
	keywords = {BACTERIAL, BIODEGRADATION, bioremediation, cis-dihydrodiol pyrene, CONTAMINATED SOIL, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLITE, microbial degradation, MINERALIZATION, MYCOBACTERIUM SP, NAPHTHALENE, OXIDATION, PHENANTHRENE, polycyclic aromatic, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS, PYRENE, SEDIMENT},
	isbn = {0048-9697},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996TP87000003},
	author = {Li, X. F. and Cullen, W. R. and Reimer, K. J. and Le, X. C.}
}
@article {3004,
	title = {DEGRADATION OF PHENANTHRENE AND PYRENE BY MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM MARINE SEDIMENT AND SEAWATER},
	journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
	volume = {156},
	number = {1},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: PJ991Times Cited: 18Cited Reference Count: 40},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {27-37},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Microorganisms which are able to degrade phenanthrene and pyrene were isolated from both seawater and sediment samples collected from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) polluted environment, Kitimat Arm, British Columbia, Canada. Four strains from a seawater culture were isolated and examined. No additional PAH induction was necessary in the enrichment process, indicating that these PAH degrading microorganisms are previously exposed to PAHs in the environment under study. Microorganisms enriched with phenanthrene as the sole carbon and energy source also degraded pyrene readily. A metabolite, pyrene cis-4,5-dihydrodiol was observed from pyrene degradation, and this metabolite was further degraded after pyrene was utilized by the microorganisms.},
	keywords = {BIODEGRADATION, bioremediation, CONTAMINATED, DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENT, ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS, MICROORGANISMS, MINERALIZATION, NAPHTHALENE, PAH, PHENANTHRENE, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS, PYRENE, SEAWATER, SEDIMENT, SOIL},
	isbn = {0048-9697},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994PJ99100004},
	author = {Cullen, W. R. and Li, X. F. and Reimer, K. J.}
}
