@article {4718,
	title = {Antimony biomethylation by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis: characterization of intermediates and the methyl donor},
	journal = {Chemosphere},
	volume = {41},
	number = {11},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 345WVTimes Cited: 15Cited Reference Count: 23},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {1717-1725},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The filamentous fungus Scopulauiopsis brevicaulis biomethylates inorganic antimony(III) compounds to trimethylstibine, that can be detected in culture headspace gases. Dimethylantimony and trimethylantimony species have been detected in the medium of these cultures, but the origin of these species was controversial. We now show that the dimethylantimony species is a true intermediate on the pathway to trimethylstibine (rather than arising from trimethylstibine oxidation or as an analytical artifact) because no dimethylantimony species are formed on trimethylstibine oxidation, as determined by using HG-GC-AAS. Furthermore, the dimethylantimony and trimethylantimony species can be separated, by using anion exchange chromatography, and so the dimethylantimony species is not an analytical artifact, formed during the hydride generation process. The antimony biomethylation mechanism was further probed by measuring incorporation of the methyl group, from (CD3)-C-13-L-methionine and CD3-D-methionine, into methylantimony species and, for comparison, into methylarsenic species. The percentage incorporation of the labeled methyl group into methylarsenic and methylantimony species was not significantly different. The incorporation from (CD3)-C-13-L-methionine was 54\% and 47\% for antimony and arsenic, respectively. The incorporation from CD3-D-methionine was 20\% and 16\% for antimony and arsenic, respectively. It appears that the biomethylation of arsenic and antimony occur by very similar, perhaps identical, mechanisms. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {APIOTRICHUM-HUMICOLA, arsenic, dimethylantimony, GENERATION, GROWTH, INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME, INORGANIC ANTIMONY, METHIONINE, RELEVANCE, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, SPECIATION, trimethylantimony, TRIMETHYLARSINE, trimethylstibine, trimethylstibine oxidation},
	isbn = {0045-6535},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000088838900002},
	author = {Andrewes, P. and Cullen, W. R. and Polishchuk, E.}
}
@article {4720,
	title = {Interaction of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, and other microorganisms, with 10,10 {\textquoteright}-oxybisphenoxarsine (OBPA)},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {14},
	number = {7},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 331GVTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 13},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {364-370},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The fungicide 10,10{\textquoteright}-oxybisphenoxarsine (OBPA) is widely used in consumer products, such as shower curtains, wall coverings and carpets, A possibility exists that microorganisms might be able to degrade OBPA to produce volatile trimethylarsine, If this did occur, then in certain situations enough trimethylarsine might be produced to be a hazard, In this study, we cultured microorganisms in medium containing OBPA, and examined the medium for possible degradation products, We used Scopulariopsis brevicaulis in one experiment, because this microorganism is known for its ability to biomethylate arsenic, OBPA-tolerant microorganisms, isolated from a soil contaminated with arylarsenic compounds, were used in a second series of experiments, We found no evidence of complete microbiological cleavage of aryl-arsenic bonds in any of the cultures, and no significant amount of trimethylarsine was detected in the headspace of S. brevicaulis cultures, Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {10, 10 {\textquoteright}-oxybisphenoxarsine, arsenic, cyanodiphenylarsine, HUMICOLA, OBPA, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, SIDS, SPECIATION, TRIMETHYLARSINE},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000088010700005},
	author = {Andrewes, P. and Cullen, W. R. and Wang, C. Q. and Polishchuk, E. and Liao, T.}
}
@article {4462,
	title = {Confirmation of the aerobic production of trimethylstibine by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {13},
	number = {9},
	year = {1999},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 234HYTimes Cited: 23Cited Reference Count: 13},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {659-664},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The filamentous fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis produces volatile trimethylstibine, found in the culture headspace, when grown in an antimony(III)-rich medium under aerobic conditions. The trimethylstibine was purged from cultures using a continuous flow of compressed air and trapped in a U-shaped tube containing Supelcoport SP 2100 at -78 degrees C. The trap contents were determined by using GC-ICP-MS methodology. Typically between 60 and 500 pg of trimethylstibine was trapped during sampling (12 h) from cultures containing 1000 mu g Sb ml(-1) as potassium antimony tartrate. The total production of trimethylstibine over 18 days of growth was estimated at 10 ng, Trimethylarsine was produced in greater quantities than trimethylstibine, even though no arsenic compounds were added to the medium, Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {ANTIMONY, BIOMETHYLATION, HUMICOLA, INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME, potassium antimony, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, tartrate, trimethylstibine},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000082479700008},
	author = {Andrewes, P. and Cullen, W. R. and Polishchuk, E.}
}
@article {4461,
	title = {Methylantimony compound formation in the medium of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis cultures: (CD3)-C-13-L-methionine as a source of the methyl group},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {13},
	number = {10},
	year = {1999},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 243BTTimes Cited: 21Cited Reference Count: 134th International Conference on Biological and Environmental Aspects of Main Group OrganometallicsJUN, 1998ODENSE, DENMARK},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {681-687},
	type = {Proceedings Paper},
	abstract = {The filamentous fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis produces nonvolatile methylantimony compounds (found in the medium) when grown in antimony(III)-rich medium. To investigate the methyl source, (CD3)-C-13-labelled L-methionine was added to the growth medium. After one month sodium borohydride reduction of media samples produced dimethylstibine and trimethylstibine. The methylstibines were separated on a packed GC column and obtained as gaseous fractions. Analysis of the methylstibines, in the gaseous fractions, by CGC-MS (lion-trap) established (CD3)-C-13 incorporation in both the trimethyl-and dimethyl-antimony compounds. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {ANTIMONY, APIOTRICHUM-HUMICOLA, BIOMETHYLATION, biotransformation, CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY, COMPOUNDS, L-methionine, methylantimony, potassium antimony tartrate, S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, SPECIATION, species},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000082977800003},
	author = {Andrewes, P. and Cullen, W. R. and Feldmann, J. and Koch, I. and Polishchuk, E.}
}
@article {4183,
	title = {The production of methylated organoantimony compounds by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {12},
	number = {12},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 149RQTimes Cited: 34Cited Reference Count: 37},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {827-842},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Cultures of the fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis were grown in antimony-rich media. Although volatile compounds of other elements were readily detected in the culture headspace, volatile antimony compounds were formed irreproducibly and at only ultratrace levels. In order to monitor the media for nonvolatile methylantimony compounds, a method of sample preparation was developed, based on solid-phase extraction. This enabled the separation of large quantities of soluble inorganic antimony species from trace amounts of organo-antimony compounds before speciation by HG-GC-AAS, By this methodology methylated antimony compounds were detected at concentrations of 0.8- 7.1 mu g Sbl(-1) in all media in which S. brevicaulis was grown in the presence of antimony(III) compounds. These methylantimony species were not detected in any of the nonliving or medium-only controls. Methylated compounds were not detected where S. brevicaulis was grown in the presence of antimony(V) compounds. This is the first study to show that antimony(III) compounds are biomethylated by S. brevicaulis under aerobic-only growth conditions. (C) 1998 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {ANTIMONY, APIOTRICHUM-HUMICOLA, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, BIOMETHYLATION, biotransformation, GASES, GENERATION, hydride, HYDRIDE GENERATION, infant death syndrome (SIDS), INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME, LAKE-BIWA, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION, SPECIATION, sudden, volatile antimony, VOLATILE METAL, WASTE DEPOSITS},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000077619500006},
	author = {Andrewes, P. and Cullen, W. R. and Feldmann, J. and Koch, I. and Polishchuk, E. and Reimer, E.}
}
