@article {4629,
	title = {Gas dynamics of the ICP-MS interface: impact pressure probe measurements of gas flow profiles},
	journal = {Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry},
	volume = {14},
	number = {1},
	year = {1999},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 159PLTimes Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 23},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {9-17},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A versatile ICP-vacuum interface was constructed to investigate the gas dynamics and gas flow profiles of the ICP-MS interface. This new interface combines-a low interface pressure, greater than or equal to 0.24 Torr, with the ability to accommodate a variety of skimmer designs at sampler to skimmer spacings up to 80 mm. Plasma beams were extracted by placing a 0.9 or 2.0 mm diameter skimming orifice at distances of 6.7-47 mm behind, the sampling orifice. Gas flow profiles of each resulting plasma beam were measured using an impact pressure probe placed at distances of 35-105 mm behind the skimmer. The centreline flux and width of the gas beam were compared with those calculated for an ideally skimmed beam. The results for the 0.9 mm diameter skimmer orifice showed that placing the skimmer at 11.0 and 27.3 mm downstream of the sampler formed the highest intensity and narrowest beams. In contrast, by placing the skimmer closer to the sampler, as in common interface designs, the beam profile is less intense on the centreline and much wider. Using a larger 2.0 mm diameter Skimming Orifice at 16.5-26.8 mm downstream of the sampler produced a more intense beam than any arrangement using the 0.9 mm skimming orifice. However with the 2.0 mm diameter skimmer, centreline intensities were still about half those of an ideally skimmed beam.},
	keywords = {ION EXTRACTION, PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY, SPACE-CHARGE, VACUUM INTERFACE},
	isbn = {0267-9477},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000078182600006},
	author = {Olney, T. N. and Chen, W. and Douglas, D. J.}
}
@article {4026,
	title = {Simplex optimisation of conditions for the determination of antimony in environmental samples by using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry},
	journal = {Talanta},
	volume = {44},
	number = {7},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: XE053Times Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 24},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {1241-1251},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Analysis of the total antimony in plant material was unsuccessful using the electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) conditions recommended by the instrument manufacturer. For this reason, an optimisation procedure utilising the Plackett-Burman method, simplex optimisation and visualisation of the generated response surface via principal components analysis, was carried out. The Plackett-Burman method was used to eliminate four of the initial variables chosen. Four variables (atomisation temperature, atomisation time, ash temperature and modifier concentration) were subsequently optimised using the composite modified simplex method and the results were visualised as a contour diagram, after reduction to two principal components. The optimised conditions were used for the analysis of both an acid digested pine needle standard reference material (NIST 1575) and a pond weed sample, collected from a contaminated site at Yellowknife Bay, Yellowknife, NWT, Canada. The total concentration of antimony present in the pine needles was statistically indistinguishable from the non-certified value, as was the value for the pond weed sample, compared with a value determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA). The results for the analysis of the pond weed sample by ETAAS agreed with those obtained from a subsequent analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.},
	keywords = {ANTIMONY, electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy, environmental, GRAPHITE-FURNACE, HYDRIDE GENERATION, INTERFERENCES, OPTIMIZATION, PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY, REFLECTIONS, SAMPLES, simplex optimisation and Plackett-Burman design},
	isbn = {0039-9140},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997XE05300013},
	author = {Koch, I. and Harrington, C. F. and Reimer, K. J. and Cullen, W. R.}
}
@article {3691,
	title = {The use of high-performance liquid chromatography for the speciation of organotin compounds},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {10},
	number = {5},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: UW081Times Cited: 24Cited Reference Count: 89},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {339-362},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {This review of the use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the speciation of organotin compounds which are primarily of significance in the marine environment, is divided into sections on the basis of the different HPLC modes of separation. However, it should be noted that such a classification does not exist in reality. For instance, in an ion-pair reversed-phase system the separation mechanism for the ionic solutes may be ion-pair partitioning, or ion exchange, or both. The relevant practical information (e.g. column type, mobile phase, method of detection and detection limit) is presented in tabular form. MET A brief overview of the reported detection MIP methods is included, because the delay in development of an easily interfaced, specific and sensitive detector has hindered the use of HPLC for organotin speciation studies. The literature reviewed covers publications from 1977, the year of the first application of HPLC to organotin speciation, to April 1995.},
	keywords = {antifouling paints, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, BUTYLTIN COMPOUNDS, DIALKYLTIN HOMOLOGS, ELEMENTAL SPECIATION, environmental pollution, ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES, FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY, high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC, marine environment, ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS, organotin, PHOTOMETRIC DETECTION, PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY, review, SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECIATION, SUPERCRITICAL, tributyltin},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996UW08100002},
	author = {Harrington, C. F. and Eigendorf, G. K. and Cullen, W. R.}
}
