@article {524,
	title = {Influence of chelation and oxidation state on vanadium bioavailability, and their effects on tissue concentrations of zinc, copper, and iron},
	journal = {Biological Trace Element Research},
	volume = {86},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 541ZTTimes Cited: 27Cited Reference Count: 45},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {31-44},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Today, vanadium compounds are frequently included in nutritional supplements and are also being developed for therapeutic use in diabetes mellitus. Previously, tissue uptake of vanadium from bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV) was shown to be increased compared to its uptake from vanadyl sulfate (VS). Our primary objective was to test the hypothesis that complexation increases vanadium uptake and that this effect is independent of oxidation state. A secondary objective was to compare the effects of vanadium complexation and oxidation state on tissue iron, copper, and zinc. Wistar rats were fed either ammonium metavanadate (AMV), VS, or BMOV (1.2 mM each in the drinking water). Tissue uptake of V following 12 wk of BMOV or AMV was higher than that from VS (p < 0.05). BMOV led to decreased tissue Zn and increased bone Fe content. The same three compounds were compared in a cellular model of absorption (Caco-2 cells). Vanadium uptake from VS was higher than that from BMOV or AMV at 10 min, but from BMOV (250 \&mu;M only, 60 min), uptake was far greater than from AMV or VS. These results show that neither complexation nor oxidation state alone are adequate predictors of relative absorption, tissue accumulation, or trace element interactions.},
	keywords = {ABSORPTION, BIS(MALTOLATO)OXOVANADIUM(IV), bone, CACO-2, Caco-2 cells, COMPLEXES, DIABETIC RATS, GLUCOSE-METABOLISM, IN-VITRO, INSULIN, kidney, ORTHO-VANADATE, skeletal muscle, SULFATE, VANADIUM, zinc},
	isbn = {0163-4984},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000175018100004},
	author = {Thompson, K. H. and Tsukada, Y. and Xu, Z. M. and Battell, M. and McNeill, J. H. and Orvig, Chris}
}
@article {508,
	title = {Reduction of [VO2(ma)(2)](-) and [VO2(ema)(2)](-) by ascorbic acid and glutathione: Kinetic studies of pro-drugs for the enhancement of insulin action},
	journal = {Inorganic Chemistry},
	volume = {41},
	number = {6},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 532TZTimes Cited: 38Cited Reference Count: 31},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {1357-1364},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {{To shed light on the role of V(V) complexes as pro-drugs for theirV(IV) analogues, the kinetics of the reduction reactions of [VO2(ma)(2)](-) or [VO2(ema)(2)](-) (Hma = maltol},
	keywords = {AGENT BIS(MALTOLATO)OXOVANADIUM(IV) BMOV, CHEMISTRY, COMPLEXES, DIABETIC RATS, GLUCOSE-LOWERING PROPERTIES, LIGANDS, MIMETIC AGENT, SULFATE, VANADATE, VANADIUM COMPOUNDS},
	isbn = {0020-1669},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000174492300008},
	author = {Song, B. and Aebischer, N. and Orvig, Chris}
}
@article {5148,
	title = {Insulin-enhancing vanadium(III) complexes},
	journal = {Inorganic Chemistry},
	volume = {40},
	number = {18},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 466JNTimes Cited: 67Cited Reference Count: 54},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {4686-4690},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Simple, high-yield, large-scale syntheses of the V(III) complexes tris(maltolato)vanadium(III), V(ma)(3), tris-(ethyhmaltolato)vanadium(HI), V(ema)(3), tris(kojato)vanadium(III) monchydrate, V(koj)(3).H2O, and tris(1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinonato)vanadium(III) dodecahydrate, V(dpp)(3). 12H(2)O, are described; the characterization of these complexes by various methods and, in the case of V(dpp)(3). 12H(2)O, by an X-ray crystal structure determination, is reported. The ability of these complexes to normalize glucose levels in the STZ-diabetic rat model has been examined and compared with that of the benchmark compound BMOV (bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV)), an established insulin-enhancing agent.},
	keywords = {AGENT, aluminum, BIS(MALTOLATO)OXOVANADIUM(IV), CHELATE COMPLEXES, COORDINATION CHEMISTRY, CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE, DIABETIC RATS, gallium, GLUCOSE, LIGANDS, MIMETIC},
	isbn = {0020-1669},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000170642600028},
	author = {Melchior, M. and Rettig, S. J. and Liboiron, B. D. and Thompson, K. H. and Yuen, V. G. and McNeill, J. H. and Orvig, Chris}
}
@article {4616,
	title = {Vanadium complexes as insulin mimetic agents: Coordination chemistry and in vivo studies of oxovanadium(IV) and dioxovanadate(V) complexes formed from naturally occurring chelating oxazolinate, thiazolinate, or picolinate units},
	journal = {Inorganic Chemistry},
	volume = {38},
	number = {10},
	year = {1999},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 199BHTimes Cited: 72Cited Reference Count: 34},
	month = {May},
	pages = {2288-2293},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {{The synthesis and characterization of four complexes containing naturally occurring binding groups are reported: VO(pic)(2). H2O (Hpic = picolinic or pyridine-2-carboxylic acid), NH4[VO2(pic)(2)]. 2H(2)O, VO(oz)(2) (Hoz = 2-(2{\textquoteright}- hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxazoline), and VO(thoz)(2) (Hthoz = 2-(2{\textquoteright}-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thiazoline). The X-ray structures of [NH4[VO2(pic)(2)]. 2H(2)O, VO(oz)(2), and VO(thoz)(2) have been determined. Crystals of NH4[VO2(pic)(2)]. 2H(2)O (C12H12N3O6V . 2H(2)O) are monoclinic, space group Cc, a 10.347(2) Angstrom},
	keywords = {BIS(MALTOLATO)OXOVANADIUM(IV), BMOV, CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE, DIABETIC RATS, GLUCOSE, NMR, SIDEROPHORE, SULFATE, SYSTEM, VANADATE},
	isbn = {0020-1669},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000080459200009},
	author = {Melchior, M. and Thompson, K. H. and Jong, J. M. and Rettig, S. J. and Shuter, E. and Yuen, V. G. and Zhou, Y. and McNeill, J. H. and Orvig, Chris}
}
@article {4167,
	title = {Glucose-lowering properties of vanadium compounds: Comparison of coordination complexes with maltol or kojic acid as ligands},
	journal = {Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry},
	volume = {68},
	number = {2},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: YA963Times Cited: 72Cited Reference Count: 44},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {109-116},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Bis(kojato)oxovanadium(IV) [abbreviated VO(ka)(2)], a close chemical analog of the insulin-mimetic lead compound bis(maltolato) oxovanadium (IV) - abbreviated BMOV or VO(ma)(2) - is reported and its reaction chemistry and insulin-mimetic properties are presented. VO(ka)(2) [log K-1 = 7.61(10), log K-2 = 6.89(6), log beta(2) = 14.50(16)] has a reaction chemistry which directly parallels that of VO(ma)(2). In aqueous solution it is more slowly oxidized by molecular oxygen to [VO2(ka)(2)](-) than is VO(ma)(2) to [VO2(ma)(2)](-). Variable pH electrochemistry and variable pH V-51 NMR of solutions of VO(Ka)(2) are presented and contrasted with the corresponding results for VO(ma)(2). Time course studies (24 hr) in Sn-diabetic rats following the oral or ip administration of VO(ka)(2), VO(ma)(2), VO2+ (vanadyl) as vanadyl sulfate (VOSO4), and [VO2(ma)(2)](-) as its [NH4](+) salt have been performed, as have chronic oral studies comparing VO(ka)(2) and VO(ma)(2) over a six week period. lit all studies, the most potent form of vanadium was the neutrally charged water soluble, complex VO(ma)(2). (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc.},
	keywords = {ALUMINUM(III), BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY, BIS(MALTOLATO)OXOVANADIUM(IV) BMOV, DIABETIC RATS, INHIBITOR, INSULIN MIMETIC AGENT, ISOLATED RAT ADIPOCYTES, LABILE, METABOLISM, OXOVANADATES, VANADATE},
	isbn = {0162-0134},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997YA96300005},
	author = {Yuen, V. G. and Caravan, P. and Gelmini, L. and Glover, N. and McNeill, J. H. and Setyawati, I. A. and Zhou, Y. and Orvig, Chris}
}
@article {3690,
	title = {Characterization of the potent insulin mimetic agent bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV) in solution by EPR spectroscopy},
	journal = {Inorganic Chemistry},
	volume = {35},
	number = {22},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: VP449Times Cited: 63Cited Reference Count: 48},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {6507-6512},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {{Bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (abbreviated BMOV or VO(ma)(2)) has been characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in CH2Cl2, H2O, MeOH, and pyridine at both room and low temperatures. Spin Hamiltonian parameters for mono- and bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) complexes [VO(ma)](+) (=[VO(ma)(H2O)(n)](+)},
	keywords = {ADIPOCYTES, CHEMISTRY, DIABETIC RATS, ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RES, FUTURE, GLUCOSE, KINASE, MIMICS, SULFATE, treatment, VANADYL COMPLEXES},
	isbn = {0020-1669},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996VP44900022},
	author = {Hanson, G. R. and Sun, Y. and Orvig, Chris}
}
@article {3863,
	title = {Effects of low and high dose administration of bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) on fa/fa Zucker rats},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology},
	volume = {74},
	number = {9},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: VX380Times Cited: 42Cited Reference Count: 57},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {1001-1009},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The fatty Zucker rat, characterized by obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and mild hyperglycemia, has been suggested as an animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The present study examined the chronic dose-dependent effect of bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV), a potent insulin mimetic, in this animal model of diabetes. Chronic (6 weeks) oral administration of bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (0.06 mmol . kg(-1). day(-1), low dose study) was effective in reducing the hyperinsulinemia associated with the fatty Zucker rat model (termination insulin: lean, 82.8 +/- 21.6; fatty, 732 +/- 89.4; fatty treated, 336 +/- 126.6 pmol/L; p < 0.05). Pancreatic perfusion data indicated a significant improvement in insulin secretory function in the fatty rats. The dose dependency of this relationship was observed in the high dose study (0.128 mmol . kg(-1). day(-1) for 14 weeks), wherein bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) treatment restored plasma insulin levels in the fatty rats to lean levels (termination insulin: lean, 199.2 +/- 17.4; fatty, 660.6 +/- 12.6; fatty treated, 153.6 +/- 9.6 pmol/L; p < 0.05) and significantly improved insulin response to a glucose challenge. In addition, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) treatment (high dose study) ameliorated the age-dependent increase in blood pressure observed in fatty Zucker rats (systolic blood pressure: lean, 127 +/- 10; fatty, 176 +/- 5; fatty treated, 156 +/- 9 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa)). These data indicate that chronic oral administration of bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) in the drinking water was effective in reducing hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and hypertension in the fatty Zucker rat.},
	keywords = {bis(maltolato) oxovanadium(IV), BLOOD-PRESSURE, DEOXYCORTICOSTERONE-ACETATE, DIABETIC RATS, GLUCOSE-HOMEOSTASIS, HYPERTENSION, HYPERTENSIVE RATS, insulin resistance, LONG-TERM IMPROVEMENT, MUSCLE INSULIN RESISTANCE, OBESE RATS, ORAL VANADYL SULFATE, SMOOTH-MUSCLE, Zucker rat},
	isbn = {0008-4212},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996VX38000001},
	author = {Yuen, V. G. and Pederson, R. A. and Dai, S. and Orvig, Chris and McNeill, J. H.}
}
@article {3265,
	title = {Reaction chemistry of BMOV, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) - A potent insulin mimetic agent},
	journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
	volume = {117},
	number = {51},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: TM483Times Cited: 165Cited Reference Count: 66},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {12759-12770},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {{The reaction chemistry of the potent insulin-mimetic agent bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (abbreviated BMOV or VO(ma)(2)) is reported. VO(ma)(2) (log K-1 = 8.80(2), log K-2 = 7.51(2), log beta(2) = 16.31(3)) has a rich coordination chemistry, forming a number of V(IV) and V(V) derivatives. In aqueous solution it is slowly oxidized by molecular oxygen to [VO2(ma)(2)](-) (log K-1 = 7.5(1), log K-2 = 6.2(1), log beta(2) = 13.7(1)); in alcohols a variety of V(V) analogs VO(OR)(ma)(2) (R = CH3, C2H5, i-C3H7) are formed by aerial oxidation. All these vanadate complexes can be interconverted by reaction with the appropriate alcohol or water. In addition, the six-coordinate V(IV) pyridine adduct VO(ma)(2)py can be formed and this undergoes oxidation to V(V) complexes much more slowly, demonstrating that a vacant coordinate site is required for the coordination of O-2 to VO(ma)(2) before inner-sphere oxidation can take place. V-51 NMR and electrochemistry have been studied as a function of pH; a complete study of the aqueous chemistry of VO(ma)(2) and [VO2(ma)(2)](-) has been undertaken because the oral activity of VO(ma)(2) as an insulin-mimetic may be related to the chemical properties of the two compounds in water. Oral gavage studies in STZ-diabetic rats have been performed which showed that the intact complex is required for activity and that the presence of a biologically compatible reducing agent, ascorbic acid, neither interferes with nor augments the insulin-mimetic effect of VO(ma)(2). The X-ray structures of VO(ma)(2) and the cis-VO2 compound K[VO2(ma)(2)]. H2O have been determined; crystals of VO(ma)(2)[BMOV] are monoclinic, P2(1)/n},
	keywords = {aluminum, DIABETIC RATS, DISSOCIATION, GLUCOSE, ISOLATED RAT ADIPOCYTES, MALTOL COMPLEX, METABOLISM, METAL CHELATE COMPLEXES, RECEPTOR KINASE, VANADYL COMPLEXES},
	isbn = {0002-7863},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995TM48300013},
	author = {Caravan, P. and Gelmini, L. and Glover, N. and Herring, F. G. and Li, H. L. and McNeill, J. H. and Rettig, S. J. and Setyawati, I. A. and Shuter, E. and Sun, Y. and Tracey, A. S. and Yuen, V. G. and Orvig, Chris}
}
@article {3265,
	title = {Reaction chemistry of BMOV, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) - A potent insulin mimetic agent},
	journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
	volume = {117},
	number = {51},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: TM483Times Cited: 165Cited Reference Count: 66},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {12759-12770},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {{The reaction chemistry of the potent insulin-mimetic agent bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (abbreviated BMOV or VO(ma)(2)) is reported. VO(ma)(2) (log K-1 = 8.80(2), log K-2 = 7.51(2), log beta(2) = 16.31(3)) has a rich coordination chemistry, forming a number of V(IV) and V(V) derivatives. In aqueous solution it is slowly oxidized by molecular oxygen to [VO2(ma)(2)](-) (log K-1 = 7.5(1), log K-2 = 6.2(1), log beta(2) = 13.7(1)); in alcohols a variety of V(V) analogs VO(OR)(ma)(2) (R = CH3, C2H5, i-C3H7) are formed by aerial oxidation. All these vanadate complexes can be interconverted by reaction with the appropriate alcohol or water. In addition, the six-coordinate V(IV) pyridine adduct VO(ma)(2)py can be formed and this undergoes oxidation to V(V) complexes much more slowly, demonstrating that a vacant coordinate site is required for the coordination of O-2 to VO(ma)(2) before inner-sphere oxidation can take place. V-51 NMR and electrochemistry have been studied as a function of pH; a complete study of the aqueous chemistry of VO(ma)(2) and [VO2(ma)(2)](-) has been undertaken because the oral activity of VO(ma)(2) as an insulin-mimetic may be related to the chemical properties of the two compounds in water. Oral gavage studies in STZ-diabetic rats have been performed which showed that the intact complex is required for activity and that the presence of a biologically compatible reducing agent, ascorbic acid, neither interferes with nor augments the insulin-mimetic effect of VO(ma)(2). The X-ray structures of VO(ma)(2) and the cis-VO2 compound K[VO2(ma)(2)]. H2O have been determined; crystals of VO(ma)(2)[BMOV] are monoclinic, P2(1)/n},
	keywords = {aluminum, DIABETIC RATS, DISSOCIATION, GLUCOSE, ISOLATED RAT ADIPOCYTES, MALTOL COMPLEX, METABOLISM, METAL CHELATE COMPLEXES, RECEPTOR KINASE, VANADYL COMPLEXES},
	isbn = {0002-7863},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995TM48300013},
	author = {Caravan, P. and Gelmini, L. and Glover, N. and Herring, F. G. and Li, H. L. and McNeill, J. H. and Rettig, S. J. and Setyawati, I. A. and Shuter, E. and Sun, Y. and Tracey, A. S. and Yuen, V. G. and Orvig, Chris}
}
@article {2940,
	title = {GLUCOSE-LOWERING EFFECTS OF A NEW ORGANIC VANADIUM COMPLEX, BIS(MALTOLATO)OXOVANADIUM(IV)},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology},
	volume = {71},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {1993},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: LN775Times Cited: 84Cited Reference Count: 39},
	month = {Mar-Apr},
	pages = {263-269},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Inorganic vanadium has been shown, both in vivo and in vitro, to have insulin-mimetic properties. A new organic vanadium complex, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV), was developed to increase the absorption of vanadium from the gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing the dose of vanadium necessary to produce glucose-lowering effects. BMOV was administered in the drinking water for 25 weeks to control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic, male Wistar rats. BMOV treatment produced a stable euglycemic state in 70\% of diabetic treated animals. The other 30\% of the diabetic treated animals demonstrated fluctuations in glucose control over the entire study period. The initial effective dose of BMOV was 0.45 mmol/kg, which decreased to an effective maintenance dose of 0. 18 mmol/kg, significantly lower than the dose of inorganic vanadium salts used in previous studies. BMOV treatment did significantly reduce fluid consumption levels in control treated animals after 10 weeks of therapy; however, the food consumption for control treated animals was only intermittently lower than that for controls. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were normalized with BMOV treatment for all diabetic treated animals, without a concomitant increase in plasma insulin levels. An oral glucose tolerance test demonstrated that glucose homeostasis in control-treated animals occurred at significantly lower plasma insulin levels than in control animals. BMOV effectively produced the glucose-lowering effects at significantly lower dose than previously used for inorganic vanadium salts, without any overt signs of toxicity.},
	keywords = {ACTIVATION, ADIPOCYTES, BIS(MALTOLATO)OXOVANADIUM(IV), BLOOD-GLUCOSE, DIABETES TREATMENT, DIABETIC RATS, GLYCOLYSIS, INSULIN, SENSITIVITY, SKELETAL-MUSCLE, STIMULATION, streptozotocin-induced diabetes, VANADATE},
	isbn = {0008-4212},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1993LN77500013},
	author = {Yuen, V. G. and Orvig, Chris and McNeill, J. H.}
}
@article {7324,
	title = {BIS(MALTOLATO)OXOVANADIUM(IV) IS A POTENT INSULIN MIMIC},
	journal = {Journal of Medicinal Chemistry},
	volume = {35},
	number = {8},
	year = {1992},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: HQ011Times Cited: 272Cited Reference Count: 22},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {1489-1491},
	type = {Letter},
	keywords = {ADIPOCYTES, COMPLEXES, DIABETIC RATS, PEROXIDE(S), RECEPTOR KINASE, VANADYL TREATMENT},
	isbn = {0022-2623},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1992HQ01100020},
	author = {McNeill, J. H. and Yuen, V. G. and Hoveyda, H. R. and Orvig, Chris}
}
