@article {2446,
	title = {Mill Trial of the New Bleaching Agent -THPS},
	journal = {Pulp \& Paper-Canada},
	volume = {110},
	number = {7},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 508TWTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 31Hu, T. Q. Williams, T. Schmidt, J. A. James, B. R. Cavasin, R. Lewing, D.},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {37-42},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {An eight-day mill. trial of adding tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) (at 1.0 kg THPS/t pulp) to hydrosulfite (Y) bleaching of spruce SGW pulp shows an average, additional brightness gain of 2.0-2.3 ISO points without any bleach plant or paper machine process upsets. This additional brightness gain, sustained during subsequent one-year commercial implementation of the "THPS + Y" bleaching technology, allows the mill to reach brightness target during the difficult summer period, and to reduce the consumption of expensive brightness-enhancing additives for LWC papers. Overall estimated cost saving to the mill is $250,000/year.},
	keywords = {bleach, bleaching, brightness, BRIGHTNESS STABILIZING AGENTS, CHEMISTRY, COMPOUNDS, COSTS, mechanical pulps, PHOSPHONIUM, SODIUM HYDROSULFITE, SULFATE, TERTIARY PHOSPHINES, TETRAKIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PHOSPHONIUM},
	isbn = {0316-4004},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000270960500008},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and Williams, T. and Schmidt, J. A. and James, Brian R. and Cavasin, R. and Lewing, D.}
}
@article {2446,
	title = {Mill Trial of the New Bleaching Agent -THPS},
	journal = {Pulp \& Paper-Canada},
	volume = {110},
	number = {7},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 508TWTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 31Hu, T. Q. Williams, T. Schmidt, J. A. James, B. R. Cavasin, R. Lewing, D.},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {37-42},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {An eight-day mill. trial of adding tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) (at 1.0 kg THPS/t pulp) to hydrosulfite (Y) bleaching of spruce SGW pulp shows an average, additional brightness gain of 2.0-2.3 ISO points without any bleach plant or paper machine process upsets. This additional brightness gain, sustained during subsequent one-year commercial implementation of the "THPS + Y" bleaching technology, allows the mill to reach brightness target during the difficult summer period, and to reduce the consumption of expensive brightness-enhancing additives for LWC papers. Overall estimated cost saving to the mill is $250,000/year.},
	keywords = {bleach, bleaching, brightness, BRIGHTNESS STABILIZING AGENTS, CHEMISTRY, COMPOUNDS, COSTS, mechanical pulps, PHOSPHONIUM, SODIUM HYDROSULFITE, SULFATE, TERTIARY PHOSPHINES, TETRAKIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PHOSPHONIUM},
	isbn = {0316-4004},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000270960500008},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and Williams, T. and Schmidt, J. A. and James, Brian R. and Cavasin, R. and Lewing, D.}
}
@article {1137,
	title = {A new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents. Part II: Bleaching power of a bisphosphine},
	journal = {Journal of Pulp and Paper Science},
	volume = {31},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 940RYTimes Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 35},
	month = {Apr-Jun},
	pages = {69-75},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Recently we discovered that simple, water-soluble phosphorus compounds such as tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine, P(CH2OH)(3) (THP), were effective bleaching agents for mechanical pulps over a wide range of consistency, pH and temperature. Now, we have found a bisphoslethine derivative of THP, 1,2-bis[bis(hydroxymethyl)phosphino]ethane, (HOCH2)(2)PCH2CH2P(CH2OH)(2)(BBHPE),to be even more effective than THP. This derivative pable of providing an ISO brightness gain of 13.0 and 15.2 points to spruce and pine thermomechanical pulps (TMP), respectively, compared to a maximum ISO brightness gain of similar to 10.0 points achievable with THP or sodium hydrosulphite. BBHPE is particularly useful as a bleaching agent for pulps that have a poor bleach response to sodium hydrosulphite. It also shows promise as a complementary bleaching agent to alkaline hydrogen peroxide. The bisphosphonium sulphate [(HOCH2)(3)pCH(2)CH(2)P(CH2OH)(3)]SO4 has also been synthesized and shown to be nearly as effective as BBHPE for the bleaching of spruce TMP and peroxide-bleached spruce TMP.},
	keywords = {bleach, brightness, mechanical pulps, phosphines, phosphorus compounds, picea, pinus, SOLUBILITY},
	isbn = {0826-6220},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000230163000001},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and James, Brian R. and Yawalata, D. and Ezhova, M. B. and Chandra, R. P.}
}
@article {1137,
	title = {A new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents. Part II: Bleaching power of a bisphosphine},
	journal = {Journal of Pulp and Paper Science},
	volume = {31},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 940RYTimes Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 35},
	month = {Apr-Jun},
	pages = {69-75},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Recently we discovered that simple, water-soluble phosphorus compounds such as tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine, P(CH2OH)(3) (THP), were effective bleaching agents for mechanical pulps over a wide range of consistency, pH and temperature. Now, we have found a bisphoslethine derivative of THP, 1,2-bis[bis(hydroxymethyl)phosphino]ethane, (HOCH2)(2)PCH2CH2P(CH2OH)(2)(BBHPE),to be even more effective than THP. This derivative pable of providing an ISO brightness gain of 13.0 and 15.2 points to spruce and pine thermomechanical pulps (TMP), respectively, compared to a maximum ISO brightness gain of similar to 10.0 points achievable with THP or sodium hydrosulphite. BBHPE is particularly useful as a bleaching agent for pulps that have a poor bleach response to sodium hydrosulphite. It also shows promise as a complementary bleaching agent to alkaline hydrogen peroxide. The bisphosphonium sulphate [(HOCH2)(3)pCH(2)CH(2)P(CH2OH)(3)]SO4 has also been synthesized and shown to be nearly as effective as BBHPE for the bleaching of spruce TMP and peroxide-bleached spruce TMP.},
	keywords = {bleach, brightness, mechanical pulps, phosphines, phosphorus compounds, picea, pinus, SOLUBILITY},
	isbn = {0826-6220},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000230163000001},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and James, Brian R. and Yawalata, D. and Ezhova, M. B. and Chandra, R. P.}
}
@article {887,
	title = {A new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents. Part I: Bleaching of mechanical Pulps},
	journal = {Journal of Pulp and Paper Science},
	volume = {30},
	number = {8},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 860FETimes Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 43},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {233-240},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We have discovered a new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents for mechanical and chemical pulps. The new agents are water-soluble tertiary phosphines and quaternary hydroxymethyl phosphonium salts, such as tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine (THP), P(CH2OH)(3), and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC), [P(CH2OH)(4)]Cl. For the bleaching of mechanical pulps, such phosphorus compounds have a bleaching power similar to that of sodium hydrosulphite, but they can be used over a wider range of pH (4.3-9.3), temperature (20-130degreesC) and consistency(e.g. 1.5-20\%) without the need for the removal of oxygen or transition metal ions. Furthermore, pulps bleached with this new class of bleaching agents show higher heat and moisture stability than those bleached with sodium hydrosulphite or alkaline hydrogen peroxide. Bleaching of mechanical pulps with THP or THPC is accompanied by a reduction of the absorption coefficient of the pulps.},
	keywords = {bleach, bleaching, DISULFIDES, evaluation, mechanical pulps, PERFORMANCE, phosphines, phosphonium compounds, pulp properties, REDUCTION, stabilizers, tertiary compounds},
	isbn = {0826-6220},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000224327100005},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and James, Brian R. and Yawalata, D. and Ezhova, M. B.}
}
@article {887,
	title = {A new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents. Part I: Bleaching of mechanical Pulps},
	journal = {Journal of Pulp and Paper Science},
	volume = {30},
	number = {8},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 860FETimes Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 43},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {233-240},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We have discovered a new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents for mechanical and chemical pulps. The new agents are water-soluble tertiary phosphines and quaternary hydroxymethyl phosphonium salts, such as tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine (THP), P(CH2OH)(3), and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC), [P(CH2OH)(4)]Cl. For the bleaching of mechanical pulps, such phosphorus compounds have a bleaching power similar to that of sodium hydrosulphite, but they can be used over a wider range of pH (4.3-9.3), temperature (20-130degreesC) and consistency(e.g. 1.5-20\%) without the need for the removal of oxygen or transition metal ions. Furthermore, pulps bleached with this new class of bleaching agents show higher heat and moisture stability than those bleached with sodium hydrosulphite or alkaline hydrogen peroxide. Bleaching of mechanical pulps with THP or THPC is accompanied by a reduction of the absorption coefficient of the pulps.},
	keywords = {bleach, bleaching, DISULFIDES, evaluation, mechanical pulps, PERFORMANCE, phosphines, phosphonium compounds, pulp properties, REDUCTION, stabilizers, tertiary compounds},
	isbn = {0826-6220},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000224327100005},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and James, Brian R. and Yawalata, D. and Ezhova, M. B.}
}
