@article {2446,
	title = {Mill Trial of the New Bleaching Agent -THPS},
	journal = {Pulp \& Paper-Canada},
	volume = {110},
	number = {7},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 508TWTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 31Hu, T. Q. Williams, T. Schmidt, J. A. James, B. R. Cavasin, R. Lewing, D.},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {37-42},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {An eight-day mill. trial of adding tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) (at 1.0 kg THPS/t pulp) to hydrosulfite (Y) bleaching of spruce SGW pulp shows an average, additional brightness gain of 2.0-2.3 ISO points without any bleach plant or paper machine process upsets. This additional brightness gain, sustained during subsequent one-year commercial implementation of the "THPS + Y" bleaching technology, allows the mill to reach brightness target during the difficult summer period, and to reduce the consumption of expensive brightness-enhancing additives for LWC papers. Overall estimated cost saving to the mill is $250,000/year.},
	keywords = {bleach, bleaching, brightness, BRIGHTNESS STABILIZING AGENTS, CHEMISTRY, COMPOUNDS, COSTS, mechanical pulps, PHOSPHONIUM, SODIUM HYDROSULFITE, SULFATE, TERTIARY PHOSPHINES, TETRAKIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PHOSPHONIUM},
	isbn = {0316-4004},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000270960500008},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and Williams, T. and Schmidt, J. A. and James, Brian R. and Cavasin, R. and Lewing, D.}
}
@article {2446,
	title = {Mill Trial of the New Bleaching Agent -THPS},
	journal = {Pulp \& Paper-Canada},
	volume = {110},
	number = {7},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 508TWTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 31Hu, T. Q. Williams, T. Schmidt, J. A. James, B. R. Cavasin, R. Lewing, D.},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {37-42},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {An eight-day mill. trial of adding tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) (at 1.0 kg THPS/t pulp) to hydrosulfite (Y) bleaching of spruce SGW pulp shows an average, additional brightness gain of 2.0-2.3 ISO points without any bleach plant or paper machine process upsets. This additional brightness gain, sustained during subsequent one-year commercial implementation of the "THPS + Y" bleaching technology, allows the mill to reach brightness target during the difficult summer period, and to reduce the consumption of expensive brightness-enhancing additives for LWC papers. Overall estimated cost saving to the mill is $250,000/year.},
	keywords = {bleach, bleaching, brightness, BRIGHTNESS STABILIZING AGENTS, CHEMISTRY, COMPOUNDS, COSTS, mechanical pulps, PHOSPHONIUM, SODIUM HYDROSULFITE, SULFATE, TERTIARY PHOSPHINES, TETRAKIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PHOSPHONIUM},
	isbn = {0316-4004},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000270960500008},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and Williams, T. and Schmidt, J. A. and James, Brian R. and Cavasin, R. and Lewing, D.}
}
@article {2106,
	title = {The fate of phosphorus in the bleaching of spruce TMP with the new bleaching agent - THPS},
	journal = {Holzforschung},
	volume = {62},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 320ZETimes Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 30Hu, Thomas Q. Yu, Eric James, Brian R. Marcazzan, Paolo},
	pages = {389-396},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) is a newly discovered, phosphorus-based bleaching agent that has been successfully tested in a pulp mill trial. The fate of phosphorus (P) and the chemistry in the course of THPS bleaching of a spruce TMP have been studied. The amount of P introduced into the THPS-bleached pulp depends on THPS dose and the bleaching conditions and it correlates well with the brightness gain. The P introduced into THPS-bleached pulp is covalently bonded to the pulp. The THPS-bleached and tetraethylphosphonium chloride-treated pulps have been additionally treated with calcium chloride before P analysis, and the results of these experiments support the covalent bonding hypothesis. Bleaching with 0.1 and 3.0\% THPS (\% based on oven-dried pulp) at 60 and 110 degrees C leads to pulps with 0.13 and 2.17 mg P g(-1) pulp, respectively, which corresponds to 0.08 and 1.4\% THPS. More precisely, P is covalently bonded to lignin chromophores, such as lignin coniferaldehydes. This was found by P-content analysis, UV-visible spectroscopy, and P-31 {H-1} NMR studies of a crude milled wood lignin (crude MWL) and a partially purified MWL isolated from a THPS-bleached pulp.},
	keywords = {bleaching, brightness, BRIGHTNESS STABILIZING AGENTS, CHEMISTRY, CHROMOPHORES, conk, feraldehyde, lignins, mechanical pulps, phosphonium compounds : phosphorus, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate, thermomechanical pulps},
	isbn = {0018-3830},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000257273000003},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and Yu, E. and James, Brian R. and Marcazzan, P.}
}
@article {2106,
	title = {The fate of phosphorus in the bleaching of spruce TMP with the new bleaching agent - THPS},
	journal = {Holzforschung},
	volume = {62},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 320ZETimes Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 30Hu, Thomas Q. Yu, Eric James, Brian R. Marcazzan, Paolo},
	pages = {389-396},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) is a newly discovered, phosphorus-based bleaching agent that has been successfully tested in a pulp mill trial. The fate of phosphorus (P) and the chemistry in the course of THPS bleaching of a spruce TMP have been studied. The amount of P introduced into the THPS-bleached pulp depends on THPS dose and the bleaching conditions and it correlates well with the brightness gain. The P introduced into THPS-bleached pulp is covalently bonded to the pulp. The THPS-bleached and tetraethylphosphonium chloride-treated pulps have been additionally treated with calcium chloride before P analysis, and the results of these experiments support the covalent bonding hypothesis. Bleaching with 0.1 and 3.0\% THPS (\% based on oven-dried pulp) at 60 and 110 degrees C leads to pulps with 0.13 and 2.17 mg P g(-1) pulp, respectively, which corresponds to 0.08 and 1.4\% THPS. More precisely, P is covalently bonded to lignin chromophores, such as lignin coniferaldehydes. This was found by P-content analysis, UV-visible spectroscopy, and P-31 {H-1} NMR studies of a crude milled wood lignin (crude MWL) and a partially purified MWL isolated from a THPS-bleached pulp.},
	keywords = {bleaching, brightness, BRIGHTNESS STABILIZING AGENTS, CHEMISTRY, CHROMOPHORES, conk, feraldehyde, lignins, mechanical pulps, phosphonium compounds : phosphorus, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate, thermomechanical pulps},
	isbn = {0018-3830},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000257273000003},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and Yu, E. and James, Brian R. and Marcazzan, P.}
}
@article {1418,
	title = {A new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents. Part III: Brightness stabilization of mechanical pulps},
	journal = {Journal of Pulp and Paper Science},
	volume = {32},
	number = {3},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 101XNTimes Cited: 8Cited Reference Count: 29Hu, T. Q. James, B. R. Yawalata, D. Ezhova, M. B.},
	month = {Jul-Sep},
	pages = {131-136},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Recently, we discovered that water-soluble tertiary hydroxyalkyl phosphines and quaternary hydroxymethyl phosphonium salts were capable of providing a bleaching effect similar to or higher than that achievable with hydrosulphite on mechanical pulps over a wide range of pH, consistency and temperature. Now, we have found that mechanical pulps bleached with these phosphorus (P) compounds are more stable than those bleached with hydrosulphite, not only when exposed to heat and moisture, but also during ambient dark storage. One of the P compounds, tris(hydroxypropyl)phosphine (THPP), P(CH2CH2CH2OH)(3), is also effective in providing additional brightness gains to, and in improving the light stability of papers made from peroxide-bleached mechanical pulps.},
	keywords = {bleached pulps, bleaching, brightness, HIGH-YIELD PULPS, LIGHT, mechanical pulps, PAPER, phosphorus compounds, REVERSION, stabilizers, YELLOWING INHIBITOR},
	isbn = {0826-6220},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000241774700003},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and James, Brian R. and Yawalata, D. and Ezhova, M. B.}
}
@article {1418,
	title = {A new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents. Part III: Brightness stabilization of mechanical pulps},
	journal = {Journal of Pulp and Paper Science},
	volume = {32},
	number = {3},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 101XNTimes Cited: 8Cited Reference Count: 29Hu, T. Q. James, B. R. Yawalata, D. Ezhova, M. B.},
	month = {Jul-Sep},
	pages = {131-136},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Recently, we discovered that water-soluble tertiary hydroxyalkyl phosphines and quaternary hydroxymethyl phosphonium salts were capable of providing a bleaching effect similar to or higher than that achievable with hydrosulphite on mechanical pulps over a wide range of pH, consistency and temperature. Now, we have found that mechanical pulps bleached with these phosphorus (P) compounds are more stable than those bleached with hydrosulphite, not only when exposed to heat and moisture, but also during ambient dark storage. One of the P compounds, tris(hydroxypropyl)phosphine (THPP), P(CH2CH2CH2OH)(3), is also effective in providing additional brightness gains to, and in improving the light stability of papers made from peroxide-bleached mechanical pulps.},
	keywords = {bleached pulps, bleaching, brightness, HIGH-YIELD PULPS, LIGHT, mechanical pulps, PAPER, phosphorus compounds, REVERSION, stabilizers, YELLOWING INHIBITOR},
	isbn = {0826-6220},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000241774700003},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and James, Brian R. and Yawalata, D. and Ezhova, M. B.}
}
@article {1137,
	title = {A new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents. Part II: Bleaching power of a bisphosphine},
	journal = {Journal of Pulp and Paper Science},
	volume = {31},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 940RYTimes Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 35},
	month = {Apr-Jun},
	pages = {69-75},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Recently we discovered that simple, water-soluble phosphorus compounds such as tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine, P(CH2OH)(3) (THP), were effective bleaching agents for mechanical pulps over a wide range of consistency, pH and temperature. Now, we have found a bisphoslethine derivative of THP, 1,2-bis[bis(hydroxymethyl)phosphino]ethane, (HOCH2)(2)PCH2CH2P(CH2OH)(2)(BBHPE),to be even more effective than THP. This derivative pable of providing an ISO brightness gain of 13.0 and 15.2 points to spruce and pine thermomechanical pulps (TMP), respectively, compared to a maximum ISO brightness gain of similar to 10.0 points achievable with THP or sodium hydrosulphite. BBHPE is particularly useful as a bleaching agent for pulps that have a poor bleach response to sodium hydrosulphite. It also shows promise as a complementary bleaching agent to alkaline hydrogen peroxide. The bisphosphonium sulphate [(HOCH2)(3)pCH(2)CH(2)P(CH2OH)(3)]SO4 has also been synthesized and shown to be nearly as effective as BBHPE for the bleaching of spruce TMP and peroxide-bleached spruce TMP.},
	keywords = {bleach, brightness, mechanical pulps, phosphines, phosphorus compounds, picea, pinus, SOLUBILITY},
	isbn = {0826-6220},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000230163000001},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and James, Brian R. and Yawalata, D. and Ezhova, M. B. and Chandra, R. P.}
}
@article {1137,
	title = {A new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents. Part II: Bleaching power of a bisphosphine},
	journal = {Journal of Pulp and Paper Science},
	volume = {31},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 940RYTimes Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 35},
	month = {Apr-Jun},
	pages = {69-75},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Recently we discovered that simple, water-soluble phosphorus compounds such as tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine, P(CH2OH)(3) (THP), were effective bleaching agents for mechanical pulps over a wide range of consistency, pH and temperature. Now, we have found a bisphoslethine derivative of THP, 1,2-bis[bis(hydroxymethyl)phosphino]ethane, (HOCH2)(2)PCH2CH2P(CH2OH)(2)(BBHPE),to be even more effective than THP. This derivative pable of providing an ISO brightness gain of 13.0 and 15.2 points to spruce and pine thermomechanical pulps (TMP), respectively, compared to a maximum ISO brightness gain of similar to 10.0 points achievable with THP or sodium hydrosulphite. BBHPE is particularly useful as a bleaching agent for pulps that have a poor bleach response to sodium hydrosulphite. It also shows promise as a complementary bleaching agent to alkaline hydrogen peroxide. The bisphosphonium sulphate [(HOCH2)(3)pCH(2)CH(2)P(CH2OH)(3)]SO4 has also been synthesized and shown to be nearly as effective as BBHPE for the bleaching of spruce TMP and peroxide-bleached spruce TMP.},
	keywords = {bleach, brightness, mechanical pulps, phosphines, phosphorus compounds, picea, pinus, SOLUBILITY},
	isbn = {0826-6220},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000230163000001},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and James, Brian R. and Yawalata, D. and Ezhova, M. B. and Chandra, R. P.}
}
