@article {2446,
	title = {Mill Trial of the New Bleaching Agent -THPS},
	journal = {Pulp \& Paper-Canada},
	volume = {110},
	number = {7},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 508TWTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 31Hu, T. Q. Williams, T. Schmidt, J. A. James, B. R. Cavasin, R. Lewing, D.},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {37-42},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {An eight-day mill. trial of adding tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) (at 1.0 kg THPS/t pulp) to hydrosulfite (Y) bleaching of spruce SGW pulp shows an average, additional brightness gain of 2.0-2.3 ISO points without any bleach plant or paper machine process upsets. This additional brightness gain, sustained during subsequent one-year commercial implementation of the "THPS + Y" bleaching technology, allows the mill to reach brightness target during the difficult summer period, and to reduce the consumption of expensive brightness-enhancing additives for LWC papers. Overall estimated cost saving to the mill is $250,000/year.},
	keywords = {bleach, bleaching, brightness, BRIGHTNESS STABILIZING AGENTS, CHEMISTRY, COMPOUNDS, COSTS, mechanical pulps, PHOSPHONIUM, SODIUM HYDROSULFITE, SULFATE, TERTIARY PHOSPHINES, TETRAKIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PHOSPHONIUM},
	isbn = {0316-4004},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000270960500008},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and Williams, T. and Schmidt, J. A. and James, Brian R. and Cavasin, R. and Lewing, D.}
}
@article {2446,
	title = {Mill Trial of the New Bleaching Agent -THPS},
	journal = {Pulp \& Paper-Canada},
	volume = {110},
	number = {7},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 508TWTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 31Hu, T. Q. Williams, T. Schmidt, J. A. James, B. R. Cavasin, R. Lewing, D.},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {37-42},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {An eight-day mill. trial of adding tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) (at 1.0 kg THPS/t pulp) to hydrosulfite (Y) bleaching of spruce SGW pulp shows an average, additional brightness gain of 2.0-2.3 ISO points without any bleach plant or paper machine process upsets. This additional brightness gain, sustained during subsequent one-year commercial implementation of the "THPS + Y" bleaching technology, allows the mill to reach brightness target during the difficult summer period, and to reduce the consumption of expensive brightness-enhancing additives for LWC papers. Overall estimated cost saving to the mill is $250,000/year.},
	keywords = {bleach, bleaching, brightness, BRIGHTNESS STABILIZING AGENTS, CHEMISTRY, COMPOUNDS, COSTS, mechanical pulps, PHOSPHONIUM, SODIUM HYDROSULFITE, SULFATE, TERTIARY PHOSPHINES, TETRAKIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PHOSPHONIUM},
	isbn = {0316-4004},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000270960500008},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and Williams, T. and Schmidt, J. A. and James, Brian R. and Cavasin, R. and Lewing, D.}
}
@article {2106,
	title = {The fate of phosphorus in the bleaching of spruce TMP with the new bleaching agent - THPS},
	journal = {Holzforschung},
	volume = {62},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 320ZETimes Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 30Hu, Thomas Q. Yu, Eric James, Brian R. Marcazzan, Paolo},
	pages = {389-396},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) is a newly discovered, phosphorus-based bleaching agent that has been successfully tested in a pulp mill trial. The fate of phosphorus (P) and the chemistry in the course of THPS bleaching of a spruce TMP have been studied. The amount of P introduced into the THPS-bleached pulp depends on THPS dose and the bleaching conditions and it correlates well with the brightness gain. The P introduced into THPS-bleached pulp is covalently bonded to the pulp. The THPS-bleached and tetraethylphosphonium chloride-treated pulps have been additionally treated with calcium chloride before P analysis, and the results of these experiments support the covalent bonding hypothesis. Bleaching with 0.1 and 3.0\% THPS (\% based on oven-dried pulp) at 60 and 110 degrees C leads to pulps with 0.13 and 2.17 mg P g(-1) pulp, respectively, which corresponds to 0.08 and 1.4\% THPS. More precisely, P is covalently bonded to lignin chromophores, such as lignin coniferaldehydes. This was found by P-content analysis, UV-visible spectroscopy, and P-31 {H-1} NMR studies of a crude milled wood lignin (crude MWL) and a partially purified MWL isolated from a THPS-bleached pulp.},
	keywords = {bleaching, brightness, BRIGHTNESS STABILIZING AGENTS, CHEMISTRY, CHROMOPHORES, conk, feraldehyde, lignins, mechanical pulps, phosphonium compounds : phosphorus, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate, thermomechanical pulps},
	isbn = {0018-3830},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000257273000003},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and Yu, E. and James, Brian R. and Marcazzan, P.}
}
@article {2106,
	title = {The fate of phosphorus in the bleaching of spruce TMP with the new bleaching agent - THPS},
	journal = {Holzforschung},
	volume = {62},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 320ZETimes Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 30Hu, Thomas Q. Yu, Eric James, Brian R. Marcazzan, Paolo},
	pages = {389-396},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) is a newly discovered, phosphorus-based bleaching agent that has been successfully tested in a pulp mill trial. The fate of phosphorus (P) and the chemistry in the course of THPS bleaching of a spruce TMP have been studied. The amount of P introduced into the THPS-bleached pulp depends on THPS dose and the bleaching conditions and it correlates well with the brightness gain. The P introduced into THPS-bleached pulp is covalently bonded to the pulp. The THPS-bleached and tetraethylphosphonium chloride-treated pulps have been additionally treated with calcium chloride before P analysis, and the results of these experiments support the covalent bonding hypothesis. Bleaching with 0.1 and 3.0\% THPS (\% based on oven-dried pulp) at 60 and 110 degrees C leads to pulps with 0.13 and 2.17 mg P g(-1) pulp, respectively, which corresponds to 0.08 and 1.4\% THPS. More precisely, P is covalently bonded to lignin chromophores, such as lignin coniferaldehydes. This was found by P-content analysis, UV-visible spectroscopy, and P-31 {H-1} NMR studies of a crude milled wood lignin (crude MWL) and a partially purified MWL isolated from a THPS-bleached pulp.},
	keywords = {bleaching, brightness, BRIGHTNESS STABILIZING AGENTS, CHEMISTRY, CHROMOPHORES, conk, feraldehyde, lignins, mechanical pulps, phosphonium compounds : phosphorus, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate, thermomechanical pulps},
	isbn = {0018-3830},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000257273000003},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and Yu, E. and James, Brian R. and Marcazzan, P.}
}
@article {1500,
	title = {alpha-monodeuterated benzyl alcohols and phosphobetaines from reactions of aromatic aldehydes with a water / D2O-soluble phosphine},
	journal = {Inorganic Chemistry},
	volume = {45},
	number = {25},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 111UETimes Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 49Moiseev, Dmitry V. James, Brian R. Hu, Thomas Q.},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {10338-10346},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>With the aim of learning more about the bleaching action of pulps by (hydroxymethyl) phosphines, we reacted several benzaldehydes, containing MeO, Me, OH, or halogen substituents, with tris(3-hydroxypropyl) phosphine, [HO(CH2)(3)](3)P, in aqueous solution at 90 degrees C under argon. Effective reduction of the aldehydes to the corresponding benzyl alcohols with concomitant oxidation of the phosphine to the phosphine oxide takes place, the reaction proceeding via an initially formed phosphonium species. When the reactions are carried out in D2O, the benzyl alcohol product from 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde contains one deuterium atom at the benzyl-carbon atom, consistent with the last step of the mechanism involving a carbanion intermediate. With syringaldehyde (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde), the reduction product (syringyl alcohol) is more reactive toward the phosphine than is the starting aldehyde, and a zwitterionic, phosphobetaine product is formed. In D2O, the zwitterion benzyl protons and protons of the hydroxypropyl-CH2 adjacent to the P atom undergo H/D exchange via presumed phosphorus ylide intermediates. Under the same aqueous reaction conditions, tris(3-hydroxypropyl) phosphine, [HO(CH2)(3)](3)P (THPP), does not undergo redox reactions with aliphatic aldehydes but simply promotes a base-catalyzed self-condensation (aldol) reaction. THPP reduction of an aromatic ketone is sluggish, presumably because the carbonyl C-atom is less electrophilic than that present in an aromatic aldehyde.</p>},
	keywords = {ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES, BRIGHTNESS STABILIZING AGENTS, CONDENSATION REACTIONS, CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE, HYDROGENATION, LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS, mechanical pulps, METHIDE, NUCLEOPHILIC-ADDITION, P-QUINONE, PHOSPHONIUM SALTS},
	isbn = {0020-1669},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000242479700055},
	author = {Moiseev, D. V. and James, Brian R. and Hu, Thomas Q.}
}
@article {1500,
	title = {alpha-monodeuterated benzyl alcohols and phosphobetaines from reactions of aromatic aldehydes with a water/D2O-soluble phosphine},
	journal = {Inorganic Chemistry},
	volume = {45},
	number = {25},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 111UETimes Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 49Moiseev, Dmitry V. James, Brian R. Hu, Thomas Q.},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {10338-10346},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {With the aim of learning more about the bleaching action of pulps by (hydroxymethyl) phosphines, we reacted several benzaldehydes, containing MeO, Me, OH, or halogen substituents, with tris(3-hydroxypropyl) phosphine, [HO(CH2)(3)](3)P, in aqueous solution at 90 degrees C under argon. Effective reduction of the aldehydes to the corresponding benzyl alcohols with concomitant oxidation of the phosphine to the phosphine oxide takes place, the reaction proceeding via an initially formed phosphonium species. When the reactions are carried out in D2O, the benzyl alcohol product from 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde contains one deuterium atom at the benzyl-carbon atom, consistent with the last step of the mechanism involving a carbanion intermediate. With syringaldehyde (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde), the reduction product (syringyl alcohol) is more reactive toward the phosphine than is the starting aldehyde, and a zwitterionic, phosphobetaine product is formed. In D2O, the zwitterion benzyl protons and protons of the hydroxypropyl-CH2 adjacent to the P atom undergo H/D exchange via presumed phosphorus ylide intermediates. Under the same aqueous reaction conditions, tris(3-hydroxypropyl) phosphine, [HO(CH2)(3)](3)P (THPP), does not undergo redox reactions with aliphatic aldehydes but simply promotes a base-catalyzed self-condensation (aldol) reaction. THPP reduction of an aromatic ketone is sluggish, presumably because the carbonyl C-atom is less electrophilic than that present in an aromatic aldehyde.},
	keywords = {ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES, BRIGHTNESS STABILIZING AGENTS, CONDENSATION REACTIONS, CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE, HYDROGENATION, LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS, mechanical pulps, METHIDE, NUCLEOPHILIC-ADDITION, P-QUINONE, PHOSPHONIUM SALTS},
	isbn = {0020-1669},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000242479700055},
	author = {Moiseev, D. V. and James, Brian R. and Hu, Thomas Q.}
}
@article {1418,
	title = {A new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents. Part III: Brightness stabilization of mechanical pulps},
	journal = {Journal of Pulp and Paper Science},
	volume = {32},
	number = {3},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 101XNTimes Cited: 8Cited Reference Count: 29Hu, T. Q. James, B. R. Yawalata, D. Ezhova, M. B.},
	month = {Jul-Sep},
	pages = {131-136},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Recently, we discovered that water-soluble tertiary hydroxyalkyl phosphines and quaternary hydroxymethyl phosphonium salts were capable of providing a bleaching effect similar to or higher than that achievable with hydrosulphite on mechanical pulps over a wide range of pH, consistency and temperature. Now, we have found that mechanical pulps bleached with these phosphorus (P) compounds are more stable than those bleached with hydrosulphite, not only when exposed to heat and moisture, but also during ambient dark storage. One of the P compounds, tris(hydroxypropyl)phosphine (THPP), P(CH2CH2CH2OH)(3), is also effective in providing additional brightness gains to, and in improving the light stability of papers made from peroxide-bleached mechanical pulps.},
	keywords = {bleached pulps, bleaching, brightness, HIGH-YIELD PULPS, LIGHT, mechanical pulps, PAPER, phosphorus compounds, REVERSION, stabilizers, YELLOWING INHIBITOR},
	isbn = {0826-6220},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000241774700003},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and James, Brian R. and Yawalata, D. and Ezhova, M. B.}
}
@article {1418,
	title = {A new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents. Part III: Brightness stabilization of mechanical pulps},
	journal = {Journal of Pulp and Paper Science},
	volume = {32},
	number = {3},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 101XNTimes Cited: 8Cited Reference Count: 29Hu, T. Q. James, B. R. Yawalata, D. Ezhova, M. B.},
	month = {Jul-Sep},
	pages = {131-136},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Recently, we discovered that water-soluble tertiary hydroxyalkyl phosphines and quaternary hydroxymethyl phosphonium salts were capable of providing a bleaching effect similar to or higher than that achievable with hydrosulphite on mechanical pulps over a wide range of pH, consistency and temperature. Now, we have found that mechanical pulps bleached with these phosphorus (P) compounds are more stable than those bleached with hydrosulphite, not only when exposed to heat and moisture, but also during ambient dark storage. One of the P compounds, tris(hydroxypropyl)phosphine (THPP), P(CH2CH2CH2OH)(3), is also effective in providing additional brightness gains to, and in improving the light stability of papers made from peroxide-bleached mechanical pulps.},
	keywords = {bleached pulps, bleaching, brightness, HIGH-YIELD PULPS, LIGHT, mechanical pulps, PAPER, phosphorus compounds, REVERSION, stabilizers, YELLOWING INHIBITOR},
	isbn = {0826-6220},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000241774700003},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and James, Brian R. and Yawalata, D. and Ezhova, M. B.}
}
@inbook {1104,
	title = {Catalytic hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of lignin model compounds using in-situ, water-soluble Ru/P(CH2OH)(3) systems},
	booktitle = {Catalysis of Organic Reactions},
	series = {Chemical Industries : A Series of Reference Books and Textbooks},
	volume = {104},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: BCH39Times Cited: 7Cited Reference Count: 32Proceedings Paper20th Conference on Catalysis of Organic ReactionsMAR 21-25, 2004Hilton Head Isl, SCOrgan React Catalysis Soc, WR GraceDavison, Parr Instrument, N Amer Catalysis Soc, ACS PRF, Engelhard, Degussa, AMC PMC, Merck \& Co, Eli Lilly \& Co, CRI Catalysts, Catalyst Grp, Umicore, Sud Chemie, Nova Mol Technologies Inc, Rohm \& Haas6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA},
	pages = {135-143},
	publisher = {Crc Press-Taylor \& Francis Group},
	organization = {Crc Press-Taylor \& Francis Group},
	address = {Boca Raton},
	abstract = {Chemical modification of lignin without degradation of its polymeric structure could lower the production cost of higher quality paper, particularly with regard to stabilization toward light-induced yellowing, where the presence of so-called alpha-carbonyls and alpha-hydroxyl groups is of key importance. In order to explore which chromophore groups can be modified, hydrogenation of aromatic lignin model compounds has been tested, using as catalysts in-situ, water-soluble ruthenium species containing tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine, P(CH2OH)(3). Such systems are active for hydrogenation of activated alkenes, carbonyl groups and, of more interest, hydrogenolysis of some aromatic alcohols. Catalyst activity depends on the phosphine/Ru ratio, the nature of the substrate (particularly substituents of the aromatic ring), and the solvents used. Thus, hydrogenation of a > C=O functionality can give either > CH(OH) or > CH2 depending on the nature of the arene fragment.},
	keywords = {COMPLEXES, INHIBITION, mechanical pulps, MILD CONDITIONS},
	isbn = {0-8247-2729-0},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000229314000016},
	author = {Ezhova, M. B. and Lu, A. Z. and James, Brian R. and Hu, Thomas Q.},
	editor = {Sowa, J. R.}
}
@inbook {1104,
	title = {Catalytic hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of lignin model compounds using in-situ, water-soluble Ru/P(CH2OH)(3) systems},
	booktitle = {Catalysis of Organic Reactions},
	series = {Chemical Industries : A Series of Reference Books and Textbooks},
	volume = {104},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: BCH39Times Cited: 7Cited Reference Count: 32Proceedings Paper20th Conference on Catalysis of Organic ReactionsMAR 21-25, 2004Hilton Head Isl, SCOrgan React Catalysis Soc, WR GraceDavison, Parr Instrument, N Amer Catalysis Soc, ACS PRF, Engelhard, Degussa, AMC PMC, Merck \& Co, Eli Lilly \& Co, CRI Catalysts, Catalyst Grp, Umicore, Sud Chemie, Nova Mol Technologies Inc, Rohm \& Haas6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA},
	pages = {135-143},
	publisher = {Crc Press-Taylor \& Francis Group},
	organization = {Crc Press-Taylor \& Francis Group},
	address = {Boca Raton},
	abstract = {Chemical modification of lignin without degradation of its polymeric structure could lower the production cost of higher quality paper, particularly with regard to stabilization toward light-induced yellowing, where the presence of so-called alpha-carbonyls and alpha-hydroxyl groups is of key importance. In order to explore which chromophore groups can be modified, hydrogenation of aromatic lignin model compounds has been tested, using as catalysts in-situ, water-soluble ruthenium species containing tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine, P(CH2OH)(3). Such systems are active for hydrogenation of activated alkenes, carbonyl groups and, of more interest, hydrogenolysis of some aromatic alcohols. Catalyst activity depends on the phosphine/Ru ratio, the nature of the substrate (particularly substituents of the aromatic ring), and the solvents used. Thus, hydrogenation of a > C=O functionality can give either > CH(OH) or > CH2 depending on the nature of the arene fragment.},
	keywords = {COMPLEXES, INHIBITION, mechanical pulps, MILD CONDITIONS},
	isbn = {0-8247-2729-0},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000229314000016},
	author = {Ezhova, M. B. and Lu, A. Z. and James, Brian R. and Hu, Thomas Q.},
	editor = {Sowa, J. R.}
}
@article {1137,
	title = {A new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents. Part II: Bleaching power of a bisphosphine},
	journal = {Journal of Pulp and Paper Science},
	volume = {31},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 940RYTimes Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 35},
	month = {Apr-Jun},
	pages = {69-75},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Recently we discovered that simple, water-soluble phosphorus compounds such as tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine, P(CH2OH)(3) (THP), were effective bleaching agents for mechanical pulps over a wide range of consistency, pH and temperature. Now, we have found a bisphoslethine derivative of THP, 1,2-bis[bis(hydroxymethyl)phosphino]ethane, (HOCH2)(2)PCH2CH2P(CH2OH)(2)(BBHPE),to be even more effective than THP. This derivative pable of providing an ISO brightness gain of 13.0 and 15.2 points to spruce and pine thermomechanical pulps (TMP), respectively, compared to a maximum ISO brightness gain of similar to 10.0 points achievable with THP or sodium hydrosulphite. BBHPE is particularly useful as a bleaching agent for pulps that have a poor bleach response to sodium hydrosulphite. It also shows promise as a complementary bleaching agent to alkaline hydrogen peroxide. The bisphosphonium sulphate [(HOCH2)(3)pCH(2)CH(2)P(CH2OH)(3)]SO4 has also been synthesized and shown to be nearly as effective as BBHPE for the bleaching of spruce TMP and peroxide-bleached spruce TMP.},
	keywords = {bleach, brightness, mechanical pulps, phosphines, phosphorus compounds, picea, pinus, SOLUBILITY},
	isbn = {0826-6220},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000230163000001},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and James, Brian R. and Yawalata, D. and Ezhova, M. B. and Chandra, R. P.}
}
@article {1137,
	title = {A new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents. Part II: Bleaching power of a bisphosphine},
	journal = {Journal of Pulp and Paper Science},
	volume = {31},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 940RYTimes Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 35},
	month = {Apr-Jun},
	pages = {69-75},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Recently we discovered that simple, water-soluble phosphorus compounds such as tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine, P(CH2OH)(3) (THP), were effective bleaching agents for mechanical pulps over a wide range of consistency, pH and temperature. Now, we have found a bisphoslethine derivative of THP, 1,2-bis[bis(hydroxymethyl)phosphino]ethane, (HOCH2)(2)PCH2CH2P(CH2OH)(2)(BBHPE),to be even more effective than THP. This derivative pable of providing an ISO brightness gain of 13.0 and 15.2 points to spruce and pine thermomechanical pulps (TMP), respectively, compared to a maximum ISO brightness gain of similar to 10.0 points achievable with THP or sodium hydrosulphite. BBHPE is particularly useful as a bleaching agent for pulps that have a poor bleach response to sodium hydrosulphite. It also shows promise as a complementary bleaching agent to alkaline hydrogen peroxide. The bisphosphonium sulphate [(HOCH2)(3)pCH(2)CH(2)P(CH2OH)(3)]SO4 has also been synthesized and shown to be nearly as effective as BBHPE for the bleaching of spruce TMP and peroxide-bleached spruce TMP.},
	keywords = {bleach, brightness, mechanical pulps, phosphines, phosphorus compounds, picea, pinus, SOLUBILITY},
	isbn = {0826-6220},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000230163000001},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and James, Brian R. and Yawalata, D. and Ezhova, M. B. and Chandra, R. P.}
}
@article {887,
	title = {A new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents. Part I: Bleaching of mechanical Pulps},
	journal = {Journal of Pulp and Paper Science},
	volume = {30},
	number = {8},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 860FETimes Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 43},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {233-240},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We have discovered a new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents for mechanical and chemical pulps. The new agents are water-soluble tertiary phosphines and quaternary hydroxymethyl phosphonium salts, such as tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine (THP), P(CH2OH)(3), and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC), [P(CH2OH)(4)]Cl. For the bleaching of mechanical pulps, such phosphorus compounds have a bleaching power similar to that of sodium hydrosulphite, but they can be used over a wider range of pH (4.3-9.3), temperature (20-130degreesC) and consistency(e.g. 1.5-20\%) without the need for the removal of oxygen or transition metal ions. Furthermore, pulps bleached with this new class of bleaching agents show higher heat and moisture stability than those bleached with sodium hydrosulphite or alkaline hydrogen peroxide. Bleaching of mechanical pulps with THP or THPC is accompanied by a reduction of the absorption coefficient of the pulps.},
	keywords = {bleach, bleaching, DISULFIDES, evaluation, mechanical pulps, PERFORMANCE, phosphines, phosphonium compounds, pulp properties, REDUCTION, stabilizers, tertiary compounds},
	isbn = {0826-6220},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000224327100005},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and James, Brian R. and Yawalata, D. and Ezhova, M. B.}
}
@article {887,
	title = {A new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents. Part I: Bleaching of mechanical Pulps},
	journal = {Journal of Pulp and Paper Science},
	volume = {30},
	number = {8},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 860FETimes Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 43},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {233-240},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We have discovered a new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents for mechanical and chemical pulps. The new agents are water-soluble tertiary phosphines and quaternary hydroxymethyl phosphonium salts, such as tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine (THP), P(CH2OH)(3), and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC), [P(CH2OH)(4)]Cl. For the bleaching of mechanical pulps, such phosphorus compounds have a bleaching power similar to that of sodium hydrosulphite, but they can be used over a wider range of pH (4.3-9.3), temperature (20-130degreesC) and consistency(e.g. 1.5-20\%) without the need for the removal of oxygen or transition metal ions. Furthermore, pulps bleached with this new class of bleaching agents show higher heat and moisture stability than those bleached with sodium hydrosulphite or alkaline hydrogen peroxide. Bleaching of mechanical pulps with THP or THPC is accompanied by a reduction of the absorption coefficient of the pulps.},
	keywords = {bleach, bleaching, DISULFIDES, evaluation, mechanical pulps, PERFORMANCE, phosphines, phosphonium compounds, pulp properties, REDUCTION, stabilizers, tertiary compounds},
	isbn = {0826-6220},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000224327100005},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and James, Brian R. and Yawalata, D. and Ezhova, M. B.}
}
@article {4002,
	title = {Towards inhibition of yellowing of mechanical pulps .1. Catalytic hydrogenation of lignin model compounds under mild conditions},
	journal = {Journal of Pulp and Paper Science},
	volume = {23},
	number = {4},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: WU947Times Cited: 19Cited Reference Count: 19},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {J153-J156},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Di-mu-chloro-bis(eta(4)-1,5-hexadiene) dirhodium(I) effectively catalyzed the hydrogenation of the aromatic rings of the lignin model compounds 4-propylphenol, eugenol, 1,2-dimethoxy-4-propylbenzene and 2,6-dimethoxy-4-propyl-phenol under extremely mild conditions (25 degrees C, I atm H-2) in a two-phase, hexane/aqueous pH 7.5 medium. This catalyst was more active than di-mu-chloro-bis(eta(4)-1,5-cyclooctadiene)-dirhodium(I), rhodium(III) trichloride trihydrate and ruthenium(III) trichloride trihydrate. The reactivity of three predominant functional groups in lignin toward the rhodium(I) catalyzed hydrogenation followed the descending order of carbon-carbon double bond > aromatic ring > carbonyl group. The hydrogenation reactions were sensitive to steric and electronic effects of the substituent(s) on the aromatic rings. Moderate to extremely high diastereoselectivities were observed for the hydrogenated products.},
	keywords = {aromatic groups, carbonyl groups, CATALYSTS, CHROMOPHORES, eugenol, HYDROGENATION, HYDROGENOLYSIS, INHIBITION, LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS, mechanical pulps, QUINONES, yellowing},
	isbn = {0826-6220},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997WU94700002},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and James, Brian R. and Lee, C. L.}
}
@article {4002,
	title = {Towards inhibition of yellowing of mechanical pulps .1. Catalytic hydrogenation of lignin model compounds under mild conditions},
	journal = {Journal of Pulp and Paper Science},
	volume = {23},
	number = {4},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: WU947Times Cited: 19Cited Reference Count: 19},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {J153-J156},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Di-mu-chloro-bis(eta(4)-1,5-hexadiene) dirhodium(I) effectively catalyzed the hydrogenation of the aromatic rings of the lignin model compounds 4-propylphenol, eugenol, 1,2-dimethoxy-4-propylbenzene and 2,6-dimethoxy-4-propyl-phenol under extremely mild conditions (25 degrees C, I atm H-2) in a two-phase, hexane/aqueous pH 7.5 medium. This catalyst was more active than di-mu-chloro-bis(eta(4)-1,5-cyclooctadiene)-dirhodium(I), rhodium(III) trichloride trihydrate and ruthenium(III) trichloride trihydrate. The reactivity of three predominant functional groups in lignin toward the rhodium(I) catalyzed hydrogenation followed the descending order of carbon-carbon double bond > aromatic ring > carbonyl group. The hydrogenation reactions were sensitive to steric and electronic effects of the substituent(s) on the aromatic rings. Moderate to extremely high diastereoselectivities were observed for the hydrogenated products.},
	keywords = {aromatic groups, carbonyl groups, CATALYSTS, CHROMOPHORES, eugenol, HYDROGENATION, HYDROGENOLYSIS, INHIBITION, LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS, mechanical pulps, QUINONES, yellowing},
	isbn = {0826-6220},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997WU94700002},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and James, Brian R. and Lee, C. L.}
}
@article {4001,
	title = {Towards inhibition of yellowing of mechanical pulps .2. Water-soluble catalysts for the hydrogenation of lignin model compounds},
	journal = {Journal of Pulp and Paper Science},
	volume = {23},
	number = {5},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: WY102Times Cited: 18Cited Reference Count: 32},
	month = {May},
	pages = {J200-J205},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Water-soluble, polymer-stabilized, colloidal rhodium is an effective catalyst for the hydrogenation of the aromatic rings of the lignin model compounds 4-propylphenol, 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol, and 1,2-dimethoxy-4-propylbenzene under extremely mild conditions (25 degrees C, 1 atm H-2) in a one-phase, aqueous ethanol medium. The water-soluble catalyst is prepared by reducing rhodium trichloride trihydrate with ethanol in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and triethylamine, The reactivity of various chromophore precursors in lignin toward hydrogenation catalyzed by water-soluble, colloidal rhodium follows the descending order of carbon-carbon double bond > aromatic ring in 4-propylphenol > carbonyl group and the aromatic rings in 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol and 1,2-dimethoxy-4-propylbenzene, The hydrogenation of 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol and 1,2-dimethoxy-4-propylbenzene is accompanied by some hydrogenolysis and removal of the OMe group.},
	keywords = {aromatic compounds, aromatic groups, CARBON-MONOXIDE, CARBONYL, CATALYSTS, CHROMOPHORES, CLUSTERS, colloids, GROUPS, HIGH-YIELD PULPS, HYDROGENATION, HYDROGENOLYSIS, INHIBITION, LIGNIN, mechanical pulps, model compounds, water solubles, yellowing},
	isbn = {0826-6220},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997WY10200002},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and James, Brian R. and Lee, C. L.}
}
@article {4001,
	title = {Towards inhibition of yellowing of mechanical pulps .2. Water-soluble catalysts for the hydrogenation of lignin model compounds},
	journal = {Journal of Pulp and Paper Science},
	volume = {23},
	number = {5},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: WY102Times Cited: 18Cited Reference Count: 32},
	month = {May},
	pages = {J200-J205},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Water-soluble, polymer-stabilized, colloidal rhodium is an effective catalyst for the hydrogenation of the aromatic rings of the lignin model compounds 4-propylphenol, 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol, and 1,2-dimethoxy-4-propylbenzene under extremely mild conditions (25 degrees C, 1 atm H-2) in a one-phase, aqueous ethanol medium. The water-soluble catalyst is prepared by reducing rhodium trichloride trihydrate with ethanol in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and triethylamine, The reactivity of various chromophore precursors in lignin toward hydrogenation catalyzed by water-soluble, colloidal rhodium follows the descending order of carbon-carbon double bond > aromatic ring in 4-propylphenol > carbonyl group and the aromatic rings in 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol and 1,2-dimethoxy-4-propylbenzene, The hydrogenation of 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol and 1,2-dimethoxy-4-propylbenzene is accompanied by some hydrogenolysis and removal of the OMe group.},
	keywords = {aromatic compounds, aromatic groups, CARBON-MONOXIDE, CARBONYL, CATALYSTS, CHROMOPHORES, CLUSTERS, colloids, GROUPS, HIGH-YIELD PULPS, HYDROGENATION, HYDROGENOLYSIS, INHIBITION, LIGNIN, mechanical pulps, model compounds, water solubles, yellowing},
	isbn = {0826-6220},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997WY10200002},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and James, Brian R. and Lee, C. L.}
}
