@article {2113,
	title = {Plant surface lipid biosynthetic pathways and their utility for metabolic engineering of waxes and hydrocarbon biofuels},
	journal = {Plant Journal},
	volume = {54},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 299KRTimes Cited: 12Cited Reference Count: 122Jetter, Reinhard Kunst, Ljerka},
	month = {May},
	pages = {670-683},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {Due to their unique physical properties, waxes are high-value materials that are used in a variety of industrial applications. They are generated by chemical synthesis, extracted from fossil sources, or harvested from a small number of plant and animal species. As a result, the diversity of chemical structures in commercial waxes is low and so are their yields. These limitations can be overcome by engineering of wax biosynthetic pathways in the seeds of high-yielding oil crops to produce designer waxes for specific industrial end uses. In this review, we first summarize the current knowledge regarding the genes and enzymes generating the chemical diversity of cuticular waxes that accumulate at the surfaces of primary plant organs. We then consider the potential of cuticle biosynthetic genes for biotechnological wax production, focusing on selected examples of wax ester chain lengths and isomers. Finally, we discuss the genes/enzymes of cuticular alkane biosynthesis and their potential in future metabolic engineering of plants for the production of renewable hydrocarbon fuels.},
	keywords = {ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA, BRASSICA-OLERACEA, chain lengths, CONDENSING ENZYME, CUTICULAR WAX, cuticular waxes, ECERIFERUM MUTANTS, EPICUTICULAR WAX, ESTERS, fatty acid elongation, FATTY ACYL-COENZYME, HYDROCARBONS, industrial products, LEAVES PISUM-SATIVUM, MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION, SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE},
	isbn = {0960-7412},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000255755000012},
	author = {Jetter, R. and Kunst, L.}
}
@article {2238,
	title = {Sealing plant surfaces: Cuticular wax formation by epidermal cells},
	journal = {Annual Review of Plant Biology},
	volume = {59},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 311IFTimes Cited: 55Cited Reference Count: 148Samuels, Lacey Kunst, Ljerka Jetter, Reinhard},
	pages = {683-707},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {The vital importance of plant surface wax in protecting tissue from environmental stresses is reflected in the huge commitment of epidermal cells to cuticle formation. During cuticle deposition, a massive flux of lipids occurs from the sites of lipid synthesis in the plastid and the endoplasmic reticulum to the plant surface. Recent genetic studies in Arabidopsis have improved our understanding of fatty acid elongation and of the subsequent modification of the elongated products into primary alcohols, wax esters, secondary alcohols, and ketones, shedding light on the enzymes involved in these pathways. In contrast, the biosynthesis of alkanes is still poorly understood, as are the mechanisms of wax transport from the site of biosynthesis to the cuticle. Currently, nothing is known about wax trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane, or about translocation through the cell wall to the cuticle. However, a first breakthrough toward an understanding of wax export recently came with the discovery of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters that are involved in releasing wax from the plasma membrane into the apoplast. An overview of our present knowledge of wax biosynthesis and transport and the regulation of these processes during cuticle assembly is presented, including the evidence for coordination of cutin polyester and wax production.},
	keywords = {ABC, ABC transporters, ACYL-COA SYNTHETASE, ALKANES, ARABIDOPSIS, ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA, CHAIN FATTY-ACID, COENZYME-A SYNTHETASE, DEEP-WATER RICE, ECERIFERUM CER MUTANTS, ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM, fatty acid elongation, LEAVES PISUM-SATIVUM, LIPID-TRANSFER PROTEIN, primary alcohols, regulation of wax biosynthesis, TRANSPORTER},
	isbn = {1040-2519},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000256593200027},
	author = {Samuels, L. and Kunst, L. and Jetter, R.}
}
