@article {2345,
	title = {Phylogenetic ecology of leaf surface traits in the milkweeds (Asclepias spp.): chemistry, ecophysiology, and insect behavior},
	journal = {New Phytologist},
	volume = {183},
	number = {3},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 472AKTimes Cited: 4Cited Reference Count: 89Agrawal, Anurag A. Fishbein, Mark Jetter, Reinhard Salminen, Juha-Pekka Goldstein, Jessica B. Freitag, Amy E. Sparks, Jed P.},
	pages = {848-867},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {P>The leaf surface is the contact point between plants and the environment and plays a crucial role in mediating biotic and abiotic interactions. Here, we took a phylogenetic approach to investigate the function, trade-offs, and evolution of leaf surface traits in the milkweeds (Asclepias). Across 47 species, we found trichome densities of up to 3000 trichomes cm(-2) and epicuticular wax crystals (glaucousness) on 10 species. Glaucous species had a characteristic wax composition dominated by very-long-chain aldehydes. The ancestor of the milkweeds was probably a glaucous species, from which there have been several independent origins of glabrous and pubescent types. Trichomes and wax crystals showed negatively correlated evolution, with both surface types showing an affinity for arid habitats. Pubescent and glaucous milkweeds had a higher maximum photosynthetic rate and lower stomatal density than glabrous species. Pubescent and glaucous leaf surfaces impeded settling behavior of monarch caterpillars and aphids compared with glabrous species, although surface types did not show consistent differentiation in secondary chemistry. We hypothesize that pubescence and glaucousness have evolved as alternative mechanisms with similar functions. The glaucous type, however, appears to be ancestral, lost repeatedly, and never regained; we propose that trichomes are a more evolutionarily titratable strategy. New Phytologist (2009) 183: 848-867doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02897.x.},
	keywords = {adaptation to arid environments, ALDEHYDES, CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION, cardenolides, CHARACTERS, CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION, cuticular, cuticular waxes, DISCRETE, EPICUTICULAR WAX CRYSTALS, EVOLUTION, IN-VITRO RECONSTITUTION, LEAVES, monarch butterfly caterpillar (Danaus plexippus), plant defense, STRATEGIES, syndromes, trichomes, UV PHOTOPROTECTION, water use efficiency, waxes},
	isbn = {0028-646X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000268100800031},
	author = {Agrawal, A. A. and Fishbein, M. and Jetter, R. and Salminen, J. P. and Goldstein, J. B. and Freitag, A. E. and Sparks, J. P.}
}
@article {3133,
	title = {ANDRIMID AND MOIRAMIDES A-C, METABOLITES PRODUCED IN CULTURE BY A MARINE ISOLATE OF THE BACTERIUM PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS - STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION AND BIOSYNTHESIS},
	journal = {Journal of Organic Chemistry},
	volume = {59},
	number = {8},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: NJ137Times Cited: 53Cited Reference Count: 12},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {2058-2063},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Andrimid (1) and moiramides A-C (2-4) have been isolated from solid agar cultures of a marine isolate of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. The chemical structures of moiramides A-C (2-4) have been elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data. Andrimid (1) and moiramide B (3) were found to exhibit potent in vitro inhibition of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Stable isotope incorporation experiments have been used to elucidate the biogenesis of the acylsuccinimide fragment of andrimid (1) that is essential for antimicrobial activity. These experiments demonstrated that the acylsuccinimide fragment is derived from a combination of acetate and amino acid building blocks. It has been proposed that the biosynthesis proceeds through a dipeptide-like intermediate formed from gamma-amino-beta-keto acids that are in turn formed from valine and glycine homologated with acetate, presumably via malonyl-CoA.},
	keywords = {STRATEGIES},
	isbn = {0022-3263},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994NJ13700020},
	author = {Needham, J. and Kelly, M. T. and Ishige, M. and Andersen, R. J.}
}
