@article {2426,
	title = {Products and kinetics of the reactions of an alkane monolayer and a terminal alkene monolayer with NO3 radicals},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {114},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 401ZETimes Cited: 10Cited Reference Count: 95Gross, Simone Bertram, Allan K.},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {14},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The reactions of an alkanethiol and a terminal alkenethiol self-assembled monolayer with NO3 radicals (in the presence of NO2 and O-2) were studied. For the alkane monolayer, infrared (IR) spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) confirmed the formation of organonitrates (RONO2). The observation of organonitrates is in contrast to the recent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data, which showed very little nitrogen-containing surface species. The identification of organonitrates may help explain why significant volatilization of the organic chain was not observed in recent studies of alkane monolayer oxidation by NO3 radicals. The reactive uptake coefficient (gamma) of NO3 on alkene monolayers determined in our study is higher than the values obtained in a recent study using liquid and solid alkene bulk films. A possible reason for this difference may be the location of the double bond at the interface. Using the g value determined in our studies, we show that under conditions where NO3 is high the lifetime of an alkene monolayer in the atmosphere may be short ( approximately 20 min). XPS, IR, and ToF-SIMS were used to identify surface functional groups after the oxidation of the alkene monolayers by NO3. The results are consistent with the formation of C-O, aldehyde/ketone, carboxylic groups, and nitrogen containing species.},
	keywords = {GAS-PHASE, HETEROGENEOUS OXIDATION, ION, MASS-SPECTROMETRY, NITROGEN-DIOXIDE, OH RADICALS, OLEIC-ACID, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS, REACTIONS, RELATIVE RATE CONSTANTS, SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS, VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS},
	isbn = {0148-0227},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000262982300003},
	author = {Gross, S. and Bertram, A. K.}
}
@article {431,
	title = {In situ extract ion/preconcentration of PCBs and PAHs from aqueous samples using polytetrafluoroethylene tubing},
	journal = {Analyst},
	volume = {127},
	number = {6},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 565YATimes Cited: 5Cited Reference Count: 23},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {730-734},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {In situ extraction/preconcentration of organics from water samples was accomplished using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubing. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were concentrated inside the tubing by flowing aqueous samples through it. The adsorbed PCBs and PAHs were then recovered by solvent desorption. The eluent was subsequently analyzed using gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) or gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). Multiple samples were simultaneously processed to concentrate organics onto several PTFE tubings. Analyses of seawater and surface microlayers using this technique demonstrated that organics in the surface microlayers were elevated with respect to those in the water column, consistent with previous findings.},
	keywords = {CHROMATOGRAPHY, MASS-SPECTROMETRY, MICROEXTRACTION, MICROLAYER, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS, SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION, WATER},
	isbn = {0003-2654},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000176396800008},
	author = {Li, X. F. and Cullen, W. R. and Reimer, K. J.}
}
@article {506,
	title = {Metabolism of pyrene by two clam species, Mya arenaria and Protothaca staminea},
	journal = {Chemosphere},
	volume = {49},
	number = {3},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 595QETimes Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 29},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {315-322},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Two species of marine clam, Mya arenaria and Protothaca staminea, were exposed to pyrene and 1-hydroxypyrene in small glass aquaria. After 10 days of exposure the clams were sacrificed, and both clam tissue and seawater were assayed for pyrene metabolites by using HPLC, fluorescence spectroscopy, HPLC-ESI-MS, GC-MS and H-1-NMR spectrometry. 1-Pyrenol-1-hydrogensulfate (pyrene-1-sulfate) was identified as the major water soluble metabolite formed from both pyrene and 1-hydroxypyrene by both species of clam. 1-Hydroxypyrene was identified as a minor metabolite of pyrene, and pyrenediol-hydrogen sulfate was identified as a minor metabolite of 1-hydroxypyrene. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {BENZO<A>PYRENE, BIOMARKERS, biotransformation, contaminant, EXPOSURE, mollusk, PAHs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, SOUND},
	isbn = {0045-6535},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000178119600012},
	author = {Simpson, C. D. and Cullen, W. R. and He, T. Y. T. and Ikonomou, M. and Reimer, K. J.}
}
@article {3745,
	title = {Bacterial transformation of pyrene in a marine environment},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {30},
	number = {4},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: UC413Times Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 33},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {1115-1119},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The bacterial transformation of pyrene in an estuary environment, Kitimat Arm, British Columbia, Canada, was studied. A metabolite was separated from marine sediment and pore water samples and was id entified as cis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene, based on a comparison of the metabolite with the authentic standard, by using both high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. The presence of this key metabolite of dioxygenase-mediated transformation of pyrene, along with previous pyrene degradation studies using cultures isolated from the same sediment samples, suggests a possible in situ bacterial transformation of pyrene in the Kitimat Arm environment.},
	keywords = {ALASKA, BIODEGRADATION, DEGRADATION, MINERALIZATION, NAPHTHALENE, OIL-SPILL BIOREMEDIATION, OXIDATION, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS},
	isbn = {0013-936X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996UC41300029},
	author = {Li, X. F. and Le, X. C. and Simpson, C. D. and Cullen, W. R. and Reimer, K. J.}
}
@article {3744,
	title = {Microbial degradation of pyrene and characterization of a metabolite},
	journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
	volume = {177},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: TP870Times Cited: 10Cited Reference Count: 37},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {17-29},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We report the degradation of pyrene by microorganisms present in sea water and sediment samples that were obtained from Kitimat Arm, BC, Canada, an environment that is highly contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons because of nearby aluminum smelting activity. The utilization of pyrene as sole carbon source by the microorganisms is demonstrated by monitoring the disappearance of pyrene and the production of its metabolite in the cultures. Pyrene (10 mu g) is degraded to an undetectable level after 120 h of incubation with 0.5 mi of the enriched culture and 10 ml of mineral salt medium. The extent of mineralization is also assessed by determining the radioactivity of the (CO2)-C-14 produced from the cultures containing C-14-labeled pyrene: up to 65\% of the pyrene is mineralized after 12 days of incubation. A metabolite that accumulates in the pyrene degradation cultures can be isolated. This metabolite is identified as cis-dihydrodiol pyrene, an initial ring oxidation product, on the basis of its chromatographic behavior, absorption spectrum, fluorescence excitation and emission spectra, and mass spectra.},
	keywords = {BACTERIAL, BIODEGRADATION, bioremediation, cis-dihydrodiol pyrene, CONTAMINATED SOIL, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLITE, microbial degradation, MINERALIZATION, MYCOBACTERIUM SP, NAPHTHALENE, OXIDATION, PHENANTHRENE, polycyclic aromatic, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS, PYRENE, SEDIMENT},
	isbn = {0048-9697},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996TP87000003},
	author = {Li, X. F. and Cullen, W. R. and Reimer, K. J. and Le, X. C.}
}
@article {3004,
	title = {DEGRADATION OF PHENANTHRENE AND PYRENE BY MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM MARINE SEDIMENT AND SEAWATER},
	journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
	volume = {156},
	number = {1},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: PJ991Times Cited: 18Cited Reference Count: 40},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {27-37},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Microorganisms which are able to degrade phenanthrene and pyrene were isolated from both seawater and sediment samples collected from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) polluted environment, Kitimat Arm, British Columbia, Canada. Four strains from a seawater culture were isolated and examined. No additional PAH induction was necessary in the enrichment process, indicating that these PAH degrading microorganisms are previously exposed to PAHs in the environment under study. Microorganisms enriched with phenanthrene as the sole carbon and energy source also degraded pyrene readily. A metabolite, pyrene cis-4,5-dihydrodiol was observed from pyrene degradation, and this metabolite was further degraded after pyrene was utilized by the microorganisms.},
	keywords = {BIODEGRADATION, bioremediation, CONTAMINATED, DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENT, ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS, MICROORGANISMS, MINERALIZATION, NAPHTHALENE, PAH, PHENANTHRENE, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS, PYRENE, SEAWATER, SEDIMENT, SOIL},
	isbn = {0048-9697},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994PJ99100004},
	author = {Cullen, W. R. and Li, X. F. and Reimer, K. J.}
}
