Relevant chapters and sections from the course text are indicated. The lecture notes define the detailed content of the course and some material presented during lectures will go beyond the textbook.
|
REVIEW |
Problem Set 1 (Chapters 1-6) |
|
INTRODUCTION |
Problem Set 2 (Chapter 2.3, 2.4, 9) |
Background: Chemistry in everyday life, structure of the atom, isotopes.
Atomic Properties: Periodic Table of the Elements, review of electronic structure, valence, trends in atomic size, ionic/covalent radius, trends in ionization energy, trends in electron affinity.
|
CHEMISTRY OF THE s-BLOCK ELEMENTS – IONIC COMPOUNDS |
Problem Set 2 (Chapter 21.1 and 21.2) |
Alkali Metals (Group 1): Compounds and reactivity.
Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2): Compounds and reactivity.
|
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND BONDING |
Problem Sets 3-5 (Chapter 10, 12.5, 12.6) |
Covalent Bonding: Lewis structures: including organic molecules, multiple bonds, expanded octet, formal charges, resonance, Lewis acids/bases, chemistry and the atmosphere, electronegativity, polarity, electron density maps.
Molecular Geometry and VSEPR Model: Basis of VSEPR, electron group geometry, basic shapes of molecules with examples, including organic and multiply bonded species, bond and molecular polarity, bond lengths and strengths.
Intermolecular Forces: van der Waals forces, polarizability, hydrogen bonding.
|
CHEMISTRY OF p-BLOCK ELEMENTS – COVALENT COMPOUNDS |
Problem Sets 6 and 7 (Chapter 21.4, 21.5, 22.1-22.4) |
Group 13: The elements, history, industrial production and reactions of aluminum, Lewis acids and bases (applications in: crown ethers and biology).
Group 14: The elements, production and reactions of silicon, silicones, industrial uses of zeolites.
Group 15: History and isolation of phosphorus, allotropy, DNA, reactions of phosphorus.
Group 16: Allotropes of sulfur, oxides of sulfur, sulfuric acid.
Group 17: The elements, reactivity, interhalogens, oxides.
Group 18: The elements, reactivity of xenon.
|
QUANTUM MECHANICS AND ORBITALS |
Problem Sets 8 and 9 (Chapters 8 and 9) |
Quantum Theory: Electromagnetic radiation, the photoelectric effect, wave/particle duality of light, Planck's equation, wave/particle duality of matter, de Broglie equation, Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.
Wave Mechanics and the Hydrogen Atom: Particle in the box, Schrödinger wave equation, wave functions, quantum numbers, probabilities, shapes and sizes of s, p and d orbitals.
Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table: Electron spin, energy levels and configurations of multi-electron atoms and ions, Pauli Exclusion Principle, Hund’s Rule, periodic variation of properties with atomic structure, atomic and ionic size, ionization energies, screening, electron affinity, magnetic properties and devices.
|
ADVANCED BONDING THEORIES |
Problem Sets 10 and 11 (Chapter 11) |
Limitations of the Lewis model
The Valence Bond Model Hybridization, s and p bonds, structure of ethylene and organic molecules, expanded octets for heavier elements.
Molecular Orbital Theory Linear combinations of atomic orbitals, molecular orbitals of diatomic molecules, HOMO/LUMO, magnetic properties of molecules (i.e. O2), benzene (organic π-systems), band theory.
|
CHEMISTRY IN THE SOLID STATE |
Problem Set 12 (Chapter 12.7-12.8) |
Solids and Crystals (including Experiment 7 in the laboratory): Types of solids, packed spheres, close packing, lattices, coordination numbers, unit cells, lattice vacancies/holes, densities, lattice energies, X-ray diffraction, silicon carbide.
|
INTERACTION OF LIGHT WITH MATTER |
Problem Set 13 (Chapter 8) |
Why is chlorophyll green?
Atomic Spectroscopy: Continuous and line spectra, atomic spectrum of hydrogen and hydrogen-like ions, selection rules.
Semiconductors: electronic structure, conjugated polymers, doping, applications, transistors.
Case Study: Solar energy conversion.